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Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.

Stem Cell Niche

Stem Cell Niche

The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...

Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells

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The intestinal epithelial lining rapidly renews every 4 to 5 days. The renewal is facilitated by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the base of the crypt– a gland located at the bottom of each villus. ISCs divide asymmetrically to form new stem cells and progenitor daughter cells. The daughter cells are called transit-amplifying (TA) cells which move upwards along the crypt and either differentiate into absorptive cells– the enterocytes or secretory cells– including the goblet,...

Stem Cell Culture

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Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...

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Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...

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Mechanical Stimulation of Stem Cells Using Cyclic Uniaxial Strain

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Reimaginando la formación doctoral en STEM

Ian Banks¹, Prineha Narang²

¹Ian Banks is director of Science Policy at the Foundation for American Innovation, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|February 19, 2026

Resumen

Este resumen es generado por máquina.

El liderazgo de EE. UU. en ciencia está disminuyendo, y China domina ahora las publicaciones de élite. Una revisión significativa del ecosistema científico de EE. UU., incluidos los programas de doctorado en STEM, es crucial para cultivar una fuerza laboral científica calificada.

Palabras clave:

política de ciencia y tecnología competencia científica mundial educación STEM

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Área de la Ciencia:

Política de Ciencia y Tecnología
Competencia Científica Mundial
Educación STEM

Sus antecedentes:

El liderazgo de Estados Unidos en ciencia y tecnología está disminuyendo en medio de la competencia mundial y las tensiones geopolíticas.
El Nature Index 2025 revela un cambio significativo, con China liderando las publicaciones en revistas científicas de élite (56% en 2024) mientras que la contribución de EE. UU. cayó al 10%.

Objetivo del estudio:

Destacar la necesidad urgente de remodelar el ecosistema científico de EE. UU.
Subrayar la importancia de adaptarse al cambiante panorama científico mundial.

Principales métodos:

Análisis de los datos del Nature Index 2025 sobre publicaciones científicas.
Análisis comparativo de las contribuciones de EE. UU. y China a las revistas científicas de élite a lo largo del tiempo.

Principales resultados:

La cuota de China en las publicaciones de revistas científicas de élite aumentó al 56% en 2024.
La cuota de EE. UU. en las publicaciones de revistas científicas de élite cayó al 10% en 2024, un marcado contraste con años anteriores.

Conclusiones:

El rápido cambio en la producción científica mundial requiere una remodelación del ecosistema científico de EE. UU.
La creación de nuevas vías para los doctorados en Ciencia, Tecnología, Ingeniería y Matemáticas (STEM) es esencial para cultivar una fuerza laboral científica altamente calificada en EE. UU.