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Bronquiectasias en adultos: características radio-clínicas, etiologías y evolución
Hamida Kwas1, Sabrine Majdoub Fehri1, Houiem Ben Kraiem1
1Department of Pneumology, University Hospital of Gabès, University of Sfax, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax. Tunisia.
La Tunisie medicale
|February 19, 2026
Resumen
La tuberculosis sigue siendo la principal causa de bronquiectasias en Túnez, lo que provoca una enfermedad difusa y bilateral con mal pronóstico. Este estudio destaca la necesidad de mejorar el control de la tuberculosis para reducir la prevalencia de las bronquiectasias.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Neumología; Epidemiología; Radiología
Sus antecedentes:
- Las bronquiectasias se reconocen cada vez más en los países emergentes.
- Comprender su perfil radio-clínico, causas y progresión es crucial para el manejo del paciente.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Determinar las características radio-clínicas de las bronquiectasias.
- Identificar las principales etiologías y complicaciones comunes.
- Evaluar la evolución y el pronóstico de las bronquiectasias en Túnez.
Principales métodos:
- Se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo.
- Se analizaron los datos de 70 pacientes diagnosticados de bronquiectasias mediante TC de tórax.
- Los pacientes fueron seguidos en el Hospital Universitario de Gabes entre 2016 y 2023.
Principales resultados:
- La edad promedio de los pacientes fue de 60,39 años, con tos y broncorrea como síntomas principales.
- La TC de tórax reveló bronquiectasias difusas (85,7%) y bilaterales (87%).
- La tuberculosis pulmonar fue la causa principal (62,8%), seguida de casos idiopáticos (12,8%).
- Las complicaciones incluyeron infecciones (21,4%) y hemoptisis (28,5%).
- La insuficiencia respiratoria crónica se desarrolló en el 14,2% de los pacientes con enfermedad difusa y bilateral.
Conclusiones:
- La tuberculosis es la etiología predominante de las bronquiectasias en esta cohorte tunecina, a pesar de los programas de control.
- Los patrones de bronquiectasias difusas y bilaterales son comunes.
- Estos patrones se asocian con un riesgo significativo de insuficiencia respiratoria crónica y malos resultados.
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