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Disfunción Metabólica Asociada a Enfermedad del Hígado Graso en el Embarazo: Una Revisión
Daniel Core1, Layne Landry1, Christopher Menefee1
1Resident, Department of OBGYN.
Obstetrical & gynecological survey
|February 19, 2026
Resumen
La enfermedad del hígado graso asociada a disfunción metabólica (MASLD, por sus siglas en inglés) es común en el embarazo y se asocia con resultados adversos. La detección y el manejo tempranos son cruciales para la salud materna e infantil.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Hepatología
- Medicina Materno-Fetal
- Trastornos Metabólicos
Sus antecedentes:
- La enfermedad del hígado graso asociada a disfunción metabólica (MASLD), anteriormente enfermedad del hígado graso no alcohólico, afecta al 14% de las personas embarazadas.
- La MASLD se asocia con comorbilidades metabólicas como la obesidad y la resistencia a la insulina.
- Se asocia con complicaciones del embarazo, como la diabetes gestacional y los trastornos hipertensivos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar la fisiopatología, el diagnóstico, el manejo y las complicaciones del embarazo de la MASLD.
- Destacar la creciente prevalencia y el infradiagnóstico de la MASLD en las poblaciones embarazadas.
Principales métodos:
- Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica utilizando Rayyan.
- Se revisaron 180 artículos publicados entre 2000 y 2024.
Principales resultados:
- La MASLD es cada vez más prevalente y probablemente infradiagnosticada durante el embarazo.
- La obesidad y los cambios fisiológicos del embarazo pueden empeorar la esteatosis hepática.
- La MASLD se asocia con resultados adversos en el embarazo y en la descendencia.
Conclusiones:
- Se necesita más investigación para la detección, el diagnóstico y el manejo óptimos de la MASLD en el embarazo.
- La detección temprana puede justificar la detección de diabetes y el uso de aspirina en dosis bajas.
- Es esencial el asesoramiento sobre riesgos como la morbilidad materna, el parto prematuro y las enfermedades metabólicas en la descendencia.
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