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Inmunización Materna

Denise J Jamieson1, Flor M Munoz, Sonja A Rasmussen

  • 1University of Iowa Health Care, Iowa City, Iowa; the Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, and the Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; and the Department of Genetic Medicine and the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.

Obstetrics and gynecology
|February 19, 2026
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

La inmunización materna protege de forma segura a las madres y a los bebés de enfermedades infecciosas. Las vacunas recomendadas como Tdap, influenza, COVID-19 y VSR aumentan la protección de anticuerpos tanto para la madre como para el niño.

Palabras clave:
inmunización maternavacunas durante el embarazoprotección infantilvacuna Tdapvacuna contra la influenzavacuna contra el COVID-19vacuna contra el VSRanticuerpos maternosinmunidad pasivasalud pública

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Obstetricia y Ginecología
  • Inmunología
  • Enfermedades Infecciosas

Sus antecedentes:

  • La inmunización materna ofrece protección dual contra enfermedades infecciosas tanto para las personas embarazadas como para sus bebés.
  • Los anticuerpos transferidos a través de la placenta y la leche materna proporcionan inmunidad pasiva a los recién nacidos demasiado jóvenes para la vacunación.
  • Las vacunas inactivadas son generalmente seguras durante el embarazo, mientras que las vacunas vivas atenuadas generalmente se evitan debido a riesgos fetales teóricos.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Revisar las recomendaciones actuales para la vacunación de mujeres durante el embarazo.
  • Destacar los beneficios de la inmunización materna para proteger a las madres y a los bebés.
  • Discutir la investigación en curso sobre nuevas vacunas relevantes para el embarazo, como la del estreptococo del grupo B (GBS).

Principales métodos:

  • Revisión de la literatura científica actual y las guías clínicas sobre vacunación materna.
  • Análisis de los perfiles de seguridad y la eficacia de las vacunas durante el embarazo.
  • Examen de las vacunas recomendadas y condicionalmente recomendadas para las poblaciones embarazadas.

Principales resultados:

  • Se recomienda la vacunación rutinaria durante el embarazo para las vacunas contra el tétanos, la difteria reducida, la tos ferina acelular (Tdap), la influenza, el COVID-19 y el VSR en los EE. UU.
  • Las estrategias de inmunización materna mejoran las concentraciones de anticuerpos, proporcionando protección directa e indirecta a los bebés.
  • Los beneficios de la vacunación para prevenir enfermedades graves en madres y bebés generalmente superan los riesgos potenciales.

Conclusiones:

  • La inmunización materna es una estrategia crítica de salud pública para mejorar los resultados de salud materna e infantil.
  • La investigación y el desarrollo continuos de vacunas dirigidas a enfermedades infecciosas específicas del embarazo son esenciales.
  • Las decisiones de vacunación durante el embarazo deben equilibrar los riesgos de la enfermedad con los beneficios de la vacunación, considerando las circunstancias individuales.