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El entorno tuberculígeno

Mikaela Coleman1, Claire J Calderwood2, Sian Magee3

  • 1Institute of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.

The Lancet. Global health
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PubMed
Resumen

La tuberculosis (TB) está impulsada por factores ambientales complejos más allá de la atención médica, lo que requiere un enfoque multisectorial. Abordar los determinantes sociales como la vivienda y el comercio es crucial para acabar con la pandemia mundial de TB.

Palabras clave:
entorno tuberculígenodeterminantes socialessalud públicaenfermedades infecciosaspandemia de TB

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Salud Pública
  • Ciencia de Sistemas Complejos
  • Epidemiología de Enfermedades Infecciosas

Sus antecedentes:

  • La tuberculosis (TB) sigue siendo una de las principales causas infecciosas de muerte a nivel mundial.
  • Los diagnósticos y tratamientos existentes no han erradicado la enfermedad.
  • El 'entorno tuberculígeno' perpetúa la TB en poblaciones vulnerables.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Definir el 'entorno tuberculígeno' y sus factores contribuyentes.
  • Destacar las responsabilidades multisectoriales en el control de la TB.
  • Abogar por un enfoque de sistemas complejos para acabar con la pandemia de TB.

Principales métodos:

  • Análisis conceptual del 'entorno tuberculígeno'.
  • Identificación de factores socioeconómicos y de políticas de nivel superior que influyen en la TB.
  • Aplicación de principios de la ciencia de sistemas complejos al control de la TB.

Principales resultados:

  • La pandemia de TB es sostenida por factores ajenos al sector de la salud, incluyendo el comercio, las finanzas y la educación.
  • La disponibilidad y el acceso a servicios esenciales como la vivienda, la nutrición y la atención médica son críticos.
  • Los esfuerzos actuales de control de la TB colocan una responsabilidad excesiva en los individuos y programas afectados.

Conclusiones:

  • Acabar con la pandemia mundial de TB requiere abordar determinantes sociales y económicos complejos e interconectados.
  • Es esencial un enfoque multisectorial que involucre a diversos responsables de la toma de decisiones.
  • Replantear la TB a través de la ciencia de sistemas complejos enfatiza la responsabilidad compartida para la erradicación.