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Remodelación de la Circuituaria Neural en la Comorbilidad de Dolor Crónico y Depresión: Hacia un Modelo de Red de
Min Ma1, Yue Zhang2, Zhenjiao Liu1
1Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China.
Brain research bulletin
|February 19, 2026
Resumen
El dolor crónico y el trastorno depresivo mayor a menudo coexisten, impulsados por redes cerebrales interconectadas. Comprender este acoplamiento emoción-percepción es clave para desarrollar tratamientos dirigidos para mejores resultados en los pacientes.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Neurociencia
- Psiquiatría
- Medicina del Dolor
Sus antecedentes:
- El dolor crónico (CP) y el trastorno depresivo mayor (MDD) son afecciones prevalentes y discapacitantes con alta comorbilidad.
- Esta comorbilidad surge del acoplamiento funcional y la remodelación neural entre los sistemas cerebrales sensorial-dolor y emocional, no solo de la superposición de síntomas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar sistemáticamente las estructuras centrales, los circuitos neurales y los mecanismos de neurotransmisores que subyacen a la comorbilidad CP-MDD.
- Proponer un modelo integrado de red de acoplamiento emoción-percepción para CP-MDD.
- Destacar el potencial traslacional de las intervenciones multicanal para CP-MDD.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de estudios de neuroimagen, modelos animales y neuromodulación.
- Análisis de anormalidades en regiones cerebrales clave (PFC, ACC, amígdala, hipocampo, ínsula, sistema de recompensa).
- Revisión sistemática de mecanismos reguladores de neurotransmisores y estrategias de intervención.
Principales resultados:
- Anormalidades consistentes observadas en regiones cerebrales clave en CP-MDD comórbido.
- Identificación de una red cerebral cruzada que regula el dolor, la emoción y la cognición.
- Evidencia que apoya la neuromodulación, la ketamina, los moduladores de BDNF y los fármacos antiinflamatorios como vías terapéuticas.
Conclusiones:
- El modelo de red de acoplamiento emoción-percepción proporciona un marco para comprender CP-MDD.
- Las intervenciones multicanal, en particular la neuromodulación, muestran potencial traslacional.
- La investigación futura requiere imágenes multimodales integradas y modelado computacional para estrategias de tratamiento personalizadas y basadas en mecanismos.
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