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A Novel Approach for the Administration of Medications and Fluids in Emergency Scenarios and Settings
Published on: November 9, 2016
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TRASTORNOS ANORECTALES
Satish S C Rao1, Adil E Bharucha2, Emma V Carrington3
1Division of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
Gastroenterology
|February 19, 2026
Resumen
Esta revisión cubre la incontinencia fecal, el dolor anorrectal y los trastornos de la defecación. Detalla métodos de diagnóstico y tratamientos como la biorretroalimentación y la terapia de neuromodulación para mejorar los resultados del paciente.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Gastroenterología y Cirugía Colorrectal
- Neurogastroenterología y Motilidad
Sus antecedentes:
- La incontinencia fecal (IF), el dolor anorrectal, la defecación disinérgica (DD) y los trastornos de la sensibilidad rectal son afecciones comunes que afectan la calidad de vida.
- El diagnóstico preciso y el manejo eficaz son cruciales para el bienestar del paciente.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Definir los criterios diagnósticos para los principales trastornos anorrectales.
- Revisar las estrategias actuales de evaluación clínica y manejo.
- Destacar el papel de pruebas diagnósticas e intervenciones terapéuticas específicas.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de la literatura sobre criterios diagnósticos y evaluaciones clínicas.
- Resumen de herramientas diagnósticas que incluyen manometría anorrectal, prueba de expulsión de balón (BET), ecografía anal, RM, defecografía y neurofisiología.
- Descripción general de las opciones de manejo como medicamentos, ejercicios, biorretroalimentación, inyecciones, cirugía y terapias de neuromodulación.
Principales resultados:
- Incontinencia fecal definida como paso fecal incontrolado durante 3 meses.
- Dolor anorrectal clasificado en proctalgia fugaz y síndrome de levator ani.
- Defecación disinérgica caracterizada por dificultad para defecar y disinergia objetiva.
- Trastornos de la sensibilidad rectal identificados por umbrales sensoriales alterados durante la distensión rectal.
Conclusiones:
- La terapia de biorretroalimentación muestra eficacia en el tratamiento de la defecación disinérgica y puede beneficiar el dolor anorrectal y los trastornos de la sensibilidad rectal.
- La terapia de neuromodulación transilumbosacra (TNT) es un tratamiento potencial para el dolor anorrectal.
- La evaluación diagnóstica integral es esencial para adaptar los planes de manejo para estas complejas afecciones anorrectales.
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