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Evidencia sobre la implementación del Paquete de Intervenciones Esenciales de la OMS para Enfermedades No
Hongyi Xu1, Alarcos Cieza2, Enxhi Qama3
1Department of Noncommunicable Diseases and Mental Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland xuh@who.int.
BMJ open
|February 19, 2026
Resumen
Esta revisión sistemática examina la implementación del Paquete de Intervenciones Esenciales de la OMS para Enfermedades No Transmisibles (PEN) en entornos de bajos recursos. Su objetivo es comprender qué componentes se utilizan y cómo se implementan para mejorar la atención primaria de las enfermedades no transmisibles (ENT).
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Pública; Investigación de Sistemas de Salud; Ciencia de la Implementación
Sus antecedentes:
- El Paquete de Intervenciones Esenciales de la OMS para Enfermedades No Transmisibles (PEN) es crucial para el manejo de las enfermedades no transmisibles (ENT) en áreas con recursos limitados. Si bien muchos países han adoptado el PEN de la OMS, existe una falta de evidencia consolidada sobre sus especificidades de implementación y variaciones contextuales. Comprender el 'qué' y el 'cómo' de la implementación del PEN de la OMS es vital para evaluar su impacto en los sistemas de salud y los resultados de los pacientes.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar sistemáticamente la implementación de las intervenciones del PEN de la OMS en entornos de atención primaria de salud. Identificar los componentes específicos del PEN de la OMS que se han implementado y las estrategias utilizadas. Informar futuras actualizaciones del PEN de la OMS y guiar la ampliación de las intervenciones para ENT.
Principales métodos:
- Un protocolo de revisión sistemática que sigue las directrices PRISMA-P. Búsqueda bibliográfica en las principales bases de datos (PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, Google Scholar) hasta junio de 2025, complementada con literatura gris. Un proceso de revisión en dos etapas: Etapa 1 (visión general de revisiones) y Etapa 2 (revisión sistemática de métodos mixtos de estudios primarios).
Principales resultados:
- Esta sección se completará al finalizar la revisión. Se anticipa que los hallazgos detallarán los componentes implementados del PEN de la OMS y las estrategias de implementación. Los resultados destacarán los factores que influyen en la adopción y adaptación exitosas del PEN de la OMS.
Conclusiones:
- Esta revisión sistemática proporcionará una comprensión integral de la implementación del PEN de la OMS. Los hallazgos respaldarán estrategias basadas en evidencia para fortalecer la atención primaria de salud para las ENT. La revisión contribuirá a optimizar el PEN de la OMS para un mayor impacto en la salud pública.
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