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Porin Insertion in the Outer Mitochondrial Membrane01:12

Porin Insertion in the Outer Mitochondrial Membrane

Porins are beta-barrel proteins translocated to the mitochondrial outer membrane through the TOM complex into the intermembrane space. Porin precursors bind TIM chaperones within the intermembrane space and are guided to the Sorting and Assembly Machinery complex or SAM complex on the outer mitochondrial membrane.
Three models describe the assembly of porins by the SAM complex and their insertion into the outer membrane. Model 1 suggests that porins are assembled outside the SAM channel as the...
pV-Diagrams01:18

pV-Diagrams

The pV diagram, which is a graph of pressure versus volume of the gas under study, is helpful in describing certain aspects of the substance. When the substance behaves like an ideal gas, the ideal gas equation describes the relationship between its pressure and volume. On a pV diagram, it is common to plot an isotherm, which is a curve showing p as a function of V with the number of molecules and the temperature fixed. Then, for an ideal gas, the product of the pressure of the gas and its...
Fluid Pressure over Curved Plate of Constant Width01:12

Fluid Pressure over Curved Plate of Constant Width

When a curved plate of constant width is submerged in a liquid, the pressure acting normal to the plate varies continuously both in magnitude and direction. Calculating the magnitude and location of the resultant force at a point is often challenging for such cases. One of the methods to determine the resultant force and its location involves separately calculating the horizontal and vertical components of the resultant force. This complex calculation can be simplified by representing the...
Fluid Pressure over Flat Plate of Variable Width01:02

Fluid Pressure over Flat Plate of Variable Width

When a flat plate is submerged in a fluid, the fluid exerts pressure on the plate. This pressure can lead to many different phenomena, including drag and buoyancy. To understand the behavior of the fluid over a flat plate of variable width, it is essential to analyze the distribution of the pressure exerted.
The pressure distribution on the plate can be calculated by determining the force that acts on a differential area strip of the plate. Thus, the magnitude of the force is equal to the...
Structure and Function of Platelets01:18

Structure and Function of Platelets

The cell fragments known as platelets are disc-shaped, with an average diameter of about 3 μm and a thickness of roughly 1 μm. They play a crucial role in the body's vascular clotting system, which also involves plasma proteins, blood cells, and blood vessel tissues.
Platelets are continually replenished, circulating in the bloodstream for 9-12 days before being removed by phagocytes, primarily in the spleen. A microliter of circulating blood contains between 150,000 and 450,000 platelets, with...
Formation of the Platelet Plug01:22

Formation of the Platelet Plug

The platelet phase, the second stage of hemostasis, commences around 15-20 seconds after an injury. It follows and overlaps with the vascular phase, during which blood vessels constrict to minimize blood loss.
As the injured blood vessel contracts, endothelial cells undergo contraction, revealing collagen fibers in the basement membrane and underlying connective tissue. Furthermore, the plasma membrane of endothelial cells becomes adhesive, preparing the site for platelet adhesion. Platelets...

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Encapsulation and Permeability Characteristics of Plasma Polymerized Hollow Particles
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Perindopril: Un perfil completo

Jude Majed Lababidi1, Mohamed Fawzy Kabil1, Hassan Mohamed El-Said Azzazy1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt.

Profiles of drug substances, excipients, and related methodology
|February 19, 2026
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Este capítulo detalla las propiedades de la arginina de perindopril (PER-Arg) y los métodos analíticos para cuantificarla y la erbumina de perindopril (PER-E). Cubre atributos fisicoquímicos, síntesis y diversas técnicas de cuantificación para estos inhibidores de la ECA.

Palabras clave:
Inhibidor de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina (ECA)CromatografíaResonancia magnética nuclearPerindoprilEspectrofluorometríaEspectrofotometríaAnálisis térmicoEspectro UV

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Química Farmacéutica
  • Química Analítica

Sus antecedentes:

  • El perindopril (PER) es un inhibidor de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina (ECA) utilizado para la hipertensión y las enfermedades cardiovasculares.
  • Se han desarrollado dos sales principales, arginina de perindopril (PER-Arg) y erbumina de perindopril (PER-E).

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Proporcionar una visión general completa de las propiedades fisicoquímicas de PER-Arg.
  • Discutir las metodologías analíticas para cuantificar PER-Arg y PER-E.

Principales métodos:

  • Caracterización fisicoquímica de PER-Arg (estructura, síntesis, cristalografía, estabilidad térmica, absorbancia UV).
  • Revisión de métodos de cuantificación que incluyen cromatografía, espectrofotometría, espectrofluorimetría, biosensores e inmunoensayo radioactivo.

Principales resultados:

  • Se estableció el perfil fisicoquímico detallado de PER-Arg.
  • Se discutieron varias técnicas analíticas adecuadas para cuantificar PER-Arg y PER-E en diversas matrices.

Conclusiones:

  • La comprensión de las propiedades de PER-Arg es crucial para su aplicación farmacéutica.
  • Existe una gama de métodos analíticos validados para la cuantificación precisa de PER-Arg y PER-E.