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Metabolitos derivados de la microbiota en trastornos inmunitarios intestinales

Hisako Kayama¹, Kiyoshi Takeda²

¹Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Osaka, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, University of Osaka, Suita, Osaka, Japan; WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, University of Osaka, Suita, Osaka, Japan.

Progress in molecular biology and translational science

|February 19, 2026

Resumen

La microbiota intestinal influye en la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII) al alterar las respuestas inmunitarias y la función de la barrera intestinal. Comprender estas interacciones es clave para desarrollar nuevas terapias para la EII.

Área de la Ciencia:

Gastroenterología e Inmunología; Investigación del Microbioma

Sus antecedentes:

El tracto gastrointestinal posee una barrera sofisticada para prevenir la inflamación por microorganismos y antígenos.
La microbiota intestinal es crucial para el desarrollo del sistema inmunitario y el mantenimiento de la integridad de la barrera epitelial.
Los cambios en la composición de la microbiota intestinal están relacionados con afecciones inflamatorias crónicas como la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII).

Objetivo del estudio:

Explorar el papel de la microbiota desbiótica en el desarrollo y la progresión de la EII.
Comprender cómo los componentes microbianos y los metabolitos interactúan con la inmunidad del huésped y la barrera epitelial.
Investigar la interacción entre la microbiota intestinal, la genética del huésped y las células inmunitarias en la EII.

Principales métodos:

Revisión de la literatura existente sobre microbiota intestinal y EII.
Análisis de componentes microbianos, metabolitos y factores genéticos del huésped.
Examen de las interacciones huésped-microbio en estados sanos e inflamatorios.

Principales resultados:

La disbiosis, o un desequilibrio en las comunidades microbianas intestinales, está implicada en la patogénesis de la EII.
Los factores microbianos y los metabolitos modulan significativamente las respuestas inmunitarias del huésped y la función de la barrera epitelial.
Las variaciones genéticas del huésped influyen en la susceptibilidad y la respuesta a la EII.

Conclusiones:

Una comprensión integral de las complejas interacciones dentro del ecosistema intestinal es esencial para la EII.
La modulación de la microbiota intestinal y sus metabolitos presenta una vía terapéutica potencial para la EII.
Una mayor investigación sobre las interacciones huésped-microbio-genética podría conducir a tratamientos personalizados para la EII.

Palabras clave:

Lípidos bioactivos Enfermedad de Crohn Receptor acoplado a proteína G Enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal Dinucleótidos cíclicos microbianos NOD2 STING Receptor tipo Toll Colitis ulcerosa

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