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Relación entre el microbioma y el riesgo de cáncer asociado a la obesidad mediante aleatorización mendeliana
Thomas Yates1, Molly Went2, Charlie Mills2
1Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK. thomas.yates@icr.ac.uk.
International journal of obesity (2005)
|February 19, 2026
Resumen
La obesidad aumenta el riesgo de cáncer y las bacterias intestinales pueden desempeñar un papel. Específicamente, Actinobacteria media una parte importante de la relación entre la obesidad y el riesgo de cáncer colorrectal (CCR).
Área de la Ciencia:
- Genética y Microbiología
- Epidemiología del Cáncer
- Investigación del Microbioma Intestinal
Sus antecedentes:
- La obesidad es un factor de riesgo conocido para varios cánceres, pero los mecanismos subyacentes no se comprenden completamente.
- Es necesario investigar el papel potencial del microbioma intestinal como mediador en el riesgo de cáncer relacionado con la obesidad.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la relación causal entre la obesidad predicha genéticamente y el riesgo de cáncer.
- Determinar si el microbioma intestinal media causalmente la asociación entre la obesidad y el cáncer.
Principales métodos:
- Se empleó la aleatorización mendeliana de dos muestras y el análisis de mediación.
- El estudio analizó el índice de masa corporal (IMC) y la relación cintura-cadera (WHRadjBMI) predichos genéticamente frente a 211 taxones microbianos intestinales y ocho tipos de cáncer en poblaciones de ascendencia europea.
- Las asociaciones se validaron en la cohorte FinnGen.
Principales resultados:
- El IMC predicho genéticamente se asoció significativamente con un mayor riesgo de cáncer colorrectal, renal, endometrial, pulmonar y esofágico.
- Siete taxones microbianos intestinales se relacionaron con el riesgo de cáncer colorrectal (CCR), mostrando Actinobacteria la asociación más fuerte.
- Actinobacteria medió entre el 21 y el 29% de la relación entre el riesgo de CCR y el IMC, representando el 50% de forma colectiva.
Conclusiones:
- Actinobacteria intestinal puede ser un factor clave en el riesgo de cáncer colorrectal (CCR) impulsado por la obesidad.
- La focalización en el microbioma intestinal presenta una estrategia potencial para reducir el riesgo de CCR en personas obesas.
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