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Universalidad, robustez y límites de la hipótesis de termalización de estado propio en sistemas cuánticos abiertos
Gabriel Almeida1, Pedro Ribeiro1,2, Masudul Haque3
1Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto Superior Técnico, CeFEMA-LaPMET, Departamento de Física, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
Physical review. E
|February 20, 2026
Resumen
Exploramos la hipótesis de termalización de estado propio de Lindbladian (ETH) en sistemas cuánticos abiertos. Lindbladian ETH se mantiene en la mayoría de los casos, pero se descompone en el límite de no clic singular.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La física cuántica es la física cuántica.
- Mecánica estadística La mecánica estadística es la mecánica estadística.
- Los sistemas cuánticos abiertos son sistemas cuánticos abiertos.
Sus antecedentes:
- La hipótesis de la termalización de estado propio (ETH) es crucial para comprender la termalización en sistemas cuánticos cerrados.
- Investigar ETH en sistemas cuánticos abiertos es esencial para obtener una imagen completa de la dinámica cuántica.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar las propiedades estadísticas de los observables en la base propia del operador de Lindbladian.
- Para demostrar la validez y la robustez de un ansatz ETH Lindbladian en los sistemas cuánticos abiertos de Markovian.
Principales métodos:
- Simulaciones numéricas extensas de varios modelos físicos.
- Análisis de trayectorias cuánticas, incluida la post-selección en el régimen de dilución-clic.
- Estudio de la dinámica media generada por un Liouvillian sin conservación de rastros.
Principales resultados:
- Demostró la validez del ansatz ETH de Lindbladian en diferentes modelos.
- Se demostró que Lindbladian ETH sigue siendo válido en el régimen de dilución-clic con trayectorias post-seleccionadas.
- Identificó el desglose de Lindbladian ETH en el límite sin clic, donde el sistema se convierte en un Hamiltoniano no hermítico doblado.
Conclusiones:
- El ansatz Lindbladian ETH es un concepto válido y robusto para sistemas cuánticos abiertos.
- El límite de no clics representa un punto singular donde el ETH estándar de Lindbladian falla.
- Este trabajo proporciona información sobre la dinámica de termialización en sistemas cuánticos abiertos bajo diferentes regímenes de medición.
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