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Hipertensión arterial: cribado sistemático y abandono en prisiones tailandesas: un estudio transversal
Ratsiri Thato1, Sirinapha Jittimanee1, Nirut Rungsawasd2
1Center of Excellence for Enhancing Well-being in Vulnerable and Chronic Illness Populations, Faculty of Nursing, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
The journal of medicine access
|February 20, 2026
Resumen
La prevalencia de la hipertensión en las prisiones tailandesas fue del 4,0 %, inferior a la esperada. La edad avanzada y los antecedentes familiares fueron factores de riesgo, mientras que el encarcelamiento prolongado mostró un efecto protector, lo que indica la necesidad de mejorar las estrategias de seguimiento.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Pública
- Epidemiología
- Salud Penitenciaria
Sus antecedentes:
- Los entornos penitenciarios pueden influir en el desarrollo de la hipertensión.
- El cribado eficaz de la hipertensión requiere la voluntad del participante y políticas de seguridad de apoyo.
- Este estudio investigó la prevalencia de la hipertensión, los factores de riesgo y las tasas de seguimiento en las prisiones.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Determinar la prevalencia de la hipertensión entre las personas encarceladas en Tailandia.
- Identificar los factores de riesgo asociados con la hipertensión en esta población.
- Evaluar la tasa de pérdida de seguimiento después del cribado de hipertensión.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio transversal en el que participaron 11.290 adultos en cinco prisiones tailandesas.
- Voluntarios pares capacitados realizaron cuestionarios y midieron la presión arterial, la altura y el peso.
- Se utilizó la regresión logística para analizar los factores asociados con la hipertensión; las personas con resultados positivos fueron remitidas para una evaluación adicional.
Principales resultados:
- Se observó una alta tasa de participación en el cribado (98,6%).
- La prevalencia de hipertensión confirmada por un médico fue del 4,0%.
- La edad avanzada (≥35 años) y los antecedentes familiares fueron factores de riesgo significativos; el encarcelamiento prolongado (≥2 años) fue protector.
Conclusiones:
- La prevalencia de la hipertensión en las prisiones tailandesas es relativamente baja.
- Las condiciones de vida en prisión pueden no ser tan perjudiciales para la hipertensión como se cree comúnmente.
- Se necesitan estrategias para reducir la pérdida de seguimiento y garantizar la continuidad de la atención.
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