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Estilos de vida saludables en adolescentes y suicidialidad: riesgos emergentes en un análisis de clases latentes
Sarah Bitar1, Felipe G Mendes1, Joana Lopes Ferreira1
1Department of Social Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
Global mental health (Cambridge, England)
|February 20, 2026
Resumen
Los estilos de vida saludables de los adolescentes, incluido el uso de sustancias y los riesgos digitales, impactan significativamente la ideación y los intentos de suicidio. Comprender estos patrones es crucial para estrategias efectivas de prevención del suicidio en adolescentes.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Pública
- Psicología del Adolescente
- Ciencia Conductual
Sus antecedentes:
- El comportamiento suicida en adolescentes presenta un desafío significativo para la salud pública mundial.
- Los comportamientos individuales y los estilos de vida saludables más amplios dan forma a los riesgos de los adolescentes para el comportamiento suicida.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Identificar distintos estilos de vida saludables en adolescentes.
- Evaluar la asociación entre estos estilos de vida y la ideación suicida y los intentos de suicidio.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de clases latentes de datos de la encuesta «Comportamiento de Salud en Escolares de Luxemburgo de 2022».
- Se identificaron cinco clases de estilos de vida saludables basadas en la dieta, la actividad física, el consumo de sustancias y el uso de redes sociales.
- Se analizaron las asociaciones con la ideación suicida y el intento de suicidio en el último año mediante regresión logística jerárquica.
Principales resultados:
- Los adolescentes con alto consumo de sustancias (OR=2.5 para ideación, OR=2.9 para intento) y vulnerabilidades digitales (OR=3.0 para ideación, OR=2.3 para intento) mostraron probabilidades significativamente mayores de comportamiento suicida en comparación con comportamientos saludables.
- El alto consumo de alcohol se relacionó con un mayor riesgo de ideación suicida (OR=1.4).
- Ninguna clase de consumo de sustancias mostró asociaciones significativas.
Conclusiones:
- Los estilos de vida saludables multidimensionales, incluido el consumo de sustancias y el uso problemático de las redes sociales, son factores críticos en el riesgo de suicidio en adolescentes.
- Los riesgos emergentes, como el vapeo y los comportamientos digitales, deben integrarse en la prevención del suicidio en adolescentes.
- Se necesitan intervenciones personalizadas que aborden patrones específicos de estilos de vida saludables para una prevención eficaz.
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