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Asociación entre la actividad física, el comportamiento sedentario y el riesgo de cáncer de mama entre las mujeres
Siham Mrah1, Najoua Lamchabbek2,3, Mounia Amzerin1
1Laboratory Research of Cancer and Chronic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan 93000, Morocco.
Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 20, 2026
Resumen
La actividad física regular, que incluye ejercicio moderado y hábitos diarios activos como caminar, reduce significativamente el riesgo de cáncer de mama en las mujeres marroquíes. Los niveles más altos de actividad se asocian con probabilidades sustancialmente reducidas de desarrollar la enfermedad.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Oncología Oncología Oncología.
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
Sus antecedentes:
- La incidencia de cáncer de mama está aumentando en el norte de África, con datos limitados sobre los factores del estilo de vida.
- Comprender los factores de riesgo modificables es crucial para las estrategias regionales de prevención del cáncer de mama.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar el vínculo entre la actividad física, el comportamiento sedentario, los hábitos de trabajo y el riesgo de cáncer de mama en las mujeres marroquíes.
- Para abordar una brecha crítica de datos en la epidemiología del cáncer de mama en el norte de África.
Principales métodos:
- Un estudio de casos y controles que involucró a 1400 casos de cáncer de mama y 1400 controles emparejados (2019-2023).
- Evaluación integral de la actividad física a lo largo de la vida (tipo, intensidad, duración).
- Análisis estadístico utilizando coeficientes de probabilidad ajustados (aOR) y intervalos de confianza del 95% (IC).
Principales resultados:
- La actividad física moderada mostró una relación inversa significativa entre la dosis y la respuesta con el riesgo de cáncer de mama.
- El cuartil más alto de actividad física se asoció con probabilidades sustancialmente más bajas de cáncer de mama (aOR = 0,37).
- Los hábitos diarios activos (caminar, subir escaleras) redujeron el riesgo, mientras que la fatiga ocupacional y la sudoración lo aumentaron.
Conclusiones:
- La actividad física es un factor clave para reducir el riesgo de cáncer de mama entre las mujeres marroquíes.
- La actividad moderada y las rutinas diarias activas como la caminata rápida son protectoras.
- Si bien los hallazgos apoyan la actividad física para la prevención, el diseño retrospectivo del estudio limita las conclusiones causales.
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