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Diferencias en causas, gravedad y resultados del tratamiento entre mujeres y hombres con tos crónica
Aleksandra Marchwińska1, Katarzyna Mazurek1, Katarzyna Białek-Gosk2
1Student's Scientific Group "Alveolus", Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
Advances in respiratory medicine
|February 20, 2026
Resumen
La efectividad del tratamiento de la tos crónica difiere según el género. Los hombres mostraron una mayor mejora en la gravedad de la tos que las mujeres, destacando la necesidad de enfoques personalizados para el manejo de la tos crónica.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Pulmonología Pulmonología.
- La medicina clínica es la medicina clínica.
- Estudios de género en salud.
Sus antecedentes:
- La tos crónica, que dura más de ocho semanas, afecta significativamente la calidad de vida del paciente.
- Comprender las diferencias específicas de género en la etiología de la tos crónica y la respuesta al tratamiento es crucial para un manejo eficaz.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para comparar el espectro etiológico de la tos crónica entre pacientes masculinos y femeninos.
- Evaluar y comparar la efectividad de los tratamientos para la tos crónica en hombres y mujeres.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis retrospectivo de 231 pacientes con tos crónica (164 mujeres, 67 hombres) diagnosticados entre 2017 y 2021.
- Evaluación de la respuesta al tratamiento utilizando la reducción de la severidad de la tos medida por una escala analógica visual (VAS) de 100 mm.
- Comparación de los diagnósticos etiológicos, incluido el síndrome de tos de las vías respiratorias superiores (SAAE) y la apnea obstructiva del sueño (AOS).
Principales resultados:
- El síndrome de tos de las vías respiratorias superiores (SAAE) y la apnea obstructiva del sueño (AOS) se diagnosticaron con mayor frecuencia en los hombres.
- La severidad de la tos disminuyó significativamente en ambos sexos, con una mayor reducción de la puntuación media VAS observada en los hombres (32 mm) en comparación con las mujeres (17,5 mm).
- La efectividad del tratamiento, medida por la reducción de la puntuación VAS, fue significativamente mayor en los hombres (p = 0,006).
Conclusiones:
- Existen diferencias significativas específicas de género en la etiología y respuesta al tratamiento de la tos crónica.
- Un enfoque de tratamiento "de talla única para todos" para la tos crónica puede ser inadecuado, lo que requiere estrategias adaptadas al género.
- Se justifica una mayor investigación sobre los mecanismos específicos de género y las terapias dirigidas para la tos crónica.
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