Video Experimental Relacionado
Updated: Feb 22, 2026
08:23
Real-Time Impedance-based Cell Analyzer as a Tool to Delineate Molecular Pathways Involved in Neurotoxicity and Neuroprotection in a Neuronal Cell Line
Published on: August 9, 2014
11.8K
El papel de los metabolitos en la neurotoxicidad y la nefrotoxicidad inducidas por el aciclovir
Asma Aboelezz1, Sherif Hanafy Mahmoud1
1Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada.
Medicines (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 20, 2026
Resumen
La toxicidad del aciclovir (ACV), incluido el daño renal y nervioso, puede deberse a sus metabolitos. Esta revisión explora el papel de la 9-carboximetoximetilguanina (CMMG) en la neurotoxicidad de la ACV y el aldehído de aciclovir en la nefrotoxicidad.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Farmacología Farmacología.
- Toxicología Toxicología.
- Virología Virología.
Sus antecedentes:
- El aciclovir es un medicamento antiviral crucial para las infecciones por herpes.
- Las altas concentraciones de aciclovir pueden conducir a una nefrotoxicidad y neurotoxicidad significativas.
- Los mecanismos precisos que subyacen a la toxicidad inducida por el aciclovir, particularmente la neurotoxicidad, siguen sin estar claros.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar la asociación entre los metabolitos del aciclovir y su contribución a la toxicidad de los medicamentos.
- Identificar las lagunas de investigación relativas a los mecanismos de la toxicidad inducida por los metabolitos.
- Explorar los roles potenciales de la 9-carboximetoximetilguanina (CMMG) y el 8-hidroxilo aciclovir en los efectos adversos del aciclovir.
Principales métodos:
- Este estudio es una revisión narrativa de la literatura existente.
- Sintetiza los hallazgos sobre el metabolismo y la toxicidad del aciclovir.
- Analiza los mecanismos propuestos para la nefrotoxicidad y la neurotoxicidad inducidas por los metabolitos.
Principales resultados:
- El aciclovir se excreta principalmente por vía renal, y el metabolismo produce CMMG y aciclovir 8-hidroxilo.
- Los niveles elevados de CMMG se correlacionan con la neurotoxicidad.
- El aldehído de aciclovir está implicado en la nefrotoxicidad.
Conclusiones:
- Los metabolitos del aciclovir, en particular el CMMG, están fuertemente asociados con la neurotoxicidad inducida por el aciclovir.
- El aldehído de aciclovir puede contribuir a la nefrotoxicidad.
- Se necesita más investigación para dilucidar los mecanismos exactos por los cuales estos metabolitos causan toxicidad.
Palabras clave:
La 9-carboximetoximetilguanina (CMMG) también es conocida como 9-carboximetilguanina.El acíclovir es un ácido acíclico.nefrotoxicidad de la nefrotoxicidad.neurotoxicidad por neurotoxicidad.Más Videos Relacionados
Videos de Conceptos Relacionados
01:24Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions
35
Drug toxicities can be stratified into pharmacological, pathological, or genotoxic based on their mechanisms. The incidence and severity of these toxicities generally increase with the drug's concentration in the body and exposure time.Pharmacological toxicity is evident when the therapeutic effects of drugs overshoot into adverse reactions in a predictable, dose-dependent manner. Central nervous system (CNS) depression from barbiturates is a classic example, with effects escalating from...
35
01:24Phase II Reactions: Acetylation Reactions
878
Acetylation, a phase II biotransformation reaction, introduces an acetyl group to drugs or their metabolites. Acetyltransferase enzymes facilitate this reaction, which resembles α-amino acid conjugation due to the addition of a functional group to the drug molecule.
The substrates for acetylation are typically drugs or their metabolites with an amino, sulfonamide, or hydrazine functional group. Acetylation can occur at several points in the drug molecule, including primary, secondary, and...
The substrates for acetylation are typically drugs or their metabolites with an amino, sulfonamide, or hydrazine functional group. Acetylation can occur at several points in the drug molecule, including primary, secondary, and...
878
01:27Pharmacogenetics of Phase II Enzymes: N-acetyltransferase, Thiopurine S-methyltransferase, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase
20
Phase II biotransformation reactions are essential for detoxifying and eliminating xenobiotics, including many pharmaceutical compounds. These reactions typically involve conjugation, the covalent attachment of polar endogenous groups such as glucuronic acid, sulfate, methyl, or acetyl moieties to functional groups introduced during Phase I metabolism. The resulting conjugates are more water-soluble, enabling efficient renal or biliary excretion.The major classes of Phase II enzymes include...
20
01:26Toxic Reactions: Overview
2.6K
When toxic substances penetrate the human body, they disseminate to various tissues, undergoing metabolic changes. This process yields reactive metabolites that may covalently bind with specific target molecules, resulting in toxicity.
Toxicity falls into two primary categories: local and systemic.
Local toxicity appears at the exposure site, such as protein denaturation caused by caustic substances.
In contrast, systemic toxicity requires the toxic agent's absorption and distribution,...
Toxicity falls into two primary categories: local and systemic.
Local toxicity appears at the exposure site, such as protein denaturation caused by caustic substances.
In contrast, systemic toxicity requires the toxic agent's absorption and distribution,...
2.6K
01:25Bioactivation and Tissue Toxicity
35
Bioactivation is a metabolic process that transforms less reactive substances into highly reactive metabolites, initiating tissue toxicity. This transformation can lead to various toxic effects, including carcinogenesis and teratogenesis. Reactive metabolites are classified into two main types: electrophiles and free radicals.Electrophiles are electron-deficient species and are produced primarily by the enzyme cytochrome P-450 during the metabolism of compounds containing carbon, nitrogen, or...
35
01:00Drug Toxicity: Overview
53
Drug toxicity quantifies the harm a compound causes to an organism, varying by dose and potentially impacting whole systems or specific organs like the liver. Toxic reactions may arise from venomous insect or spider bites, with effects ranging from mild symptoms to severe outcomes such as brain damage or death. Common forms of acute poisoning include ethanol intoxication and overdose of pain or fever medications, with substances like GHB and heroin being particularly lethal at doses close to...
53