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Microplásticos y nanoplásticos como factor de riesgo potencial de accidente cerebrovascular: una revisión sistemática
Jakub Kufel1, Miłosz Korbaś2, Julita Janiec2
1Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland.
Journal of xenobiotics
|February 20, 2026
Resumen
Se encuentran microplásticos y nanoplásticos (MNP) en los vasos sanguíneos humanos y en coágulos de accidentes cerebrovasculares. La presencia de MNP en las placas aumenta el riesgo de eventos cardiovasculares, lo que sugiere que pueden ser un nuevo factor de riesgo de accidente cerebrovascular.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Ambiental
- Neurología
- Ciencia Cardiovascular
Sus antecedentes:
- La contaminación por microplásticos y nanoplásticos (MNP) es una creciente preocupación mundial para la salud.
- La evidencia muestra MNP en el cuerpo humano, pero su papel en las enfermedades cerebrovasculares no está claro.
- El accidente cerebrovascular sigue siendo una de las principales causas de muerte y discapacidad en todo el mundo.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar sistemáticamente la presencia de MNP en el sistema vascular.
- Evaluar la asociación entre MNP y el riesgo y la progresión del accidente cerebrovascular.
- Explorar los mecanismos biológicos potenciales que vinculan los MNP con los eventos cerebrovasculares.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión sistemática de la literatura siguiendo las directrices PRISMA 2020.
- Se buscaron estudios en PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science y Embase publicados en los últimos 10 años.
- Se incluyeron 5 estudios (2 observacionales en humanos, 3 in vivo en animales) y se evaluó la calidad metodológica.
Principales resultados:
- Se detectaron MNP, especialmente polietileno y cloruro de polivinilo, en placas ateroescleróticas carotídeas humanas y trombos de accidente cerebrovascular.
- La presencia de MNP en las placas se correlacionó con un aumento de 4,5 veces en el riesgo de eventos cardiovasculares importantes y muerte.
- Los estudios en animales indicaron que la exposición a MNP puede causar microembolización, alteración de la barrera hematoencefálica y empeorar la lesión isquémica.
Conclusiones:
- Los MNP se acumulan en el sistema cardiovascular y se asocian con resultados clínicos adversos, incluido el accidente cerebrovascular.
- Si bien la carga de MNP puede reflejar la exposición acumulativa, pueden representar un factor de riesgo nuevo y modificable para el accidente cerebrovascular.
- Se necesita más investigación estandarizada para confirmar una relación causal entre los MNP y el accidente cerebrovascular.
Palabras clave:
riesgo cardiovascularenfermedad cerebrovascularcontaminación ambientalmicroplásticosnanoplásticosaccidente cerebrovascularMás Videos Relacionados
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