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Anuradha S Ter Haar1,2, Hans de Groot1

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Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde
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Resumen

El sangrado rectal en lactantes puede provenir de sangre materna ingerida o de proctocolitis alérgica inducida por proteínas alimentarias (FPIAP) por la leche de vaca. La FPIAP es una alergia no mediada por IgE que se resuelve con cambios en la dieta, ofreciendo un pronóstico favorable.

Palabras clave:
sangre maternaproctocolitis alérgica inducida por proteínas alimentariaslactantehemorragia gastrointestinalalergia alimentaria

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Gastroenterología pediátrica
  • Inmunología de alergias.

Sus antecedentes:

  • El sangrado rectal en lactantes es una preocupación común para padres y clínicos.
  • Diferenciar las causas benignas de las reacciones alérgicas es crucial para un manejo adecuado.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Destacar dos causas distintas de sangrado rectal en lactantes: sangre materna ingerida y proctocolitis alérgica inducida por proteínas alimentarias (FPIAP).
  • Enfatizar el enfoque diagnóstico y el pronóstico favorable de la FPIAP.

Principales métodos:

  • Revisión de informes de casos de dos lactantes que presentaron sangrado rectal.
  • Evaluación clínica, estudio diagnóstico e inicio del tratamiento.

Principales resultados:

  • Un lactante diagnosticado con sangre materna ingerida.
  • El segundo lactante diagnosticado con proctocolitis alérgica inducida por proteínas alimentarias (FPIAP) desencadenada por la exposición a la leche de vaca.
  • Los síntomas se resolvieron en el caso de FPIAP después de la dieta de eliminación de leche de vaca de la madre.

Conclusiones:

  • El sangrado rectal en lactantes aparentemente sanos puede tener causas benignas como sangre materna o FPIAP.
  • La FPIAP es una alergia alimentaria no mediada por IgE que se puede controlar con la eliminación de la dieta.
  • El pronóstico de la FPIAP es excelente, y la mayoría de los niños superan la afección.