Trastornos menstruales en la práctica general

Menstrual disorders are among the most common complaints in general practice and have a significant impact on quality of life, work, and well-being, yet they often remain under-recognised. The general practitioner plays a key role in identification, diagnosis, and management. Distinguishing physiological variation from pathology is not always straightforward. Diagnostic work-up is based on history-taking, a menstrual calendar, ultrasound, and, where indicated, haemoglobin/ferritin and coagulation screening. First-line treatment includes hormonal contraception (combined oral contraceptive pill, progestogen-only preparations, hormonal intrauterine device), tranexamic acid, and NSAIDs. Referral to secondary care is warranted when medical treatment fails, when structural uterine abnormalities are suspected, or in cases of severe anaemia. In secondary care, both pharmacological and minimally invasive options are available.