Progreso y perspectivas en tecnologías de biosensores derivados de poli(met)acrilato/acrilamida

Poly(meth)acrylate and vinyl-based polymers have emerged as highly versatile functional materials for next-generation sensing technologies. Their tunable architectures, chemical stability, and ability to incorporate stimuli-responsive, fluorescent, or bioactive moieties enable precise detection in biomedical, environmental, and chemical systems. Recent advancements in controlled radical polymerization, including ATRP, RAFT, NMP methods, have significantly improved structural control, allowing the fabrication of well-defined polymeric sensors with high sensitivity and selectivity. Methacrylate derived hydrogels, copolymers, and block architectures support applications ranging from molecular recognition and targeted drug delivery to imaging, electrochemical sensing, and pollutant detection. Incorporation of functional groups such as peptides, metal-binding ligands, and imaging agents has enabled advanced biosensors capable of detecting biomarkers, cancer cells, ions, explosives, and reactive species. Progress in multimodal imaging, fluorescent tagging, and molecular imprinting further expands their applicability. This review summarizes major developments in polymer synthesis and sensor design, highlights structure property function relationships, and outlines emerging opportunities for miniaturized, high-performance polymer-based sensing platforms. The insights provided aim to guide future innovation in smart, adaptive, and multifunctional polymeric sensors.