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Efecto de una intervención de ejercicio supervisado de 1 año sobre la mortalidad a largo plazo en personas con
Stefano Balducci1,2,3, Jonida Haxhi1,2,3, Martina Vitale1,2
1Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, La Sapienza" University, University of Rome 'La Sapienza', Via Di Grottarossa, 1035-1039, 00189, Rome, Italy.
Acta diabetologica
|February 20, 2026
Resumen
Un programa de ejercicio supervisado de un año no tuvo un impacto significativo en la mortalidad a largo plazo en personas con diabetes tipo 2. Este estudio no encontró diferencias en las tasas de mortalidad entre los grupos de ejercicio y control durante un seguimiento de 16 años.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Cardiología
- Endocrinología
- Fisiología del Ejercicio
Sus antecedentes:
- La diabetes tipo 2 es una creciente preocupación de salud mundial.
- La inactividad física es común en personas con diabetes tipo 2.
- Se recomienda el ejercicio para el control de la diabetes tipo 2, pero su impacto a largo plazo en la mortalidad requiere una mayor investigación.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar el efecto de un programa de entrenamiento de ejercicio supervisado de 1 año sobre la mortalidad a largo plazo en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2.
- Analizar el impacto de la intervención de ejercicio en la mortalidad por todas las causas en una población diabética sedentaria.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis post hoc del ensayo clínico aleatorizado Italian Diabetes and Exercise Study (IDES).
- Se asignó aleatoriamente a 606 personas físicamente inactivas con diabetes tipo 2 a ejercicio supervisado más asesoramiento o solo asesoramiento durante 1 año.
- Los datos de mortalidad a largo plazo se recopilaron accediendo a la base de datos Italian Health Card hasta junio de 2024.
Principales resultados:
- No se observó ninguna diferencia significativa en la mortalidad entre los grupos de ejercicio (EXE) y control (CON) durante un seguimiento medio de 16,2 años (88 frente a 95 muertes).
- Las tasas de mortalidad no ajustadas y ajustadas por 1000 años-paciente fueron similares entre los grupos (p > 0,48).
- La capacidad de consumo máximo de oxígeno (VO2max) al inicio se asoció con la mortalidad, pero los cambios en la capacidad de ejercicio o los niveles de actividad física no lo hicieron.
Conclusiones:
- Un programa de entrenamiento de ejercicio supervisado de 1 año no demostró un efecto significativo sobre la mortalidad a largo plazo en personas con diabetes tipo 2.
- Si bien la aptitud física inicial es un predictor, la intervención no alteró los resultados de supervivencia a largo plazo en esta cohorte.
Palabras clave:
Mortalidad por todas las causasAsesoramientoAptitud físicaEjercicio supervisadoDiabetes tipo 2Más Videos Relacionados
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