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Comprensión del silencio en la adolescencia y la adultez temprana: una revisión sistemática de métodos mixtos sobre
Rachel de Jong1, Anja van der Voort2, Wessel Aben3
1Department of Clinical Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands. r.de.jong@fsw.leidenuniv.nl.
European child & adolescent psychiatry
|February 20, 2026
Resumen
El mutismo selectivo (MS) en adolescentes y adultos jóvenes presenta desafíos únicos, a menudo con inicio tardío y resistencia a la terapia. El tratamiento requiere enfoques adaptados debido a características distintas y factores ambientales.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Psicología
- Psicología del Desarrollo
- Psicología Clínica
Sus antecedentes:
- El mutismo selectivo (MS) es un trastorno de ansiedad complejo.
- Comprender el MS en adolescentes y adultos jóvenes es crucial para una intervención eficaz.
- La investigación existente a menudo se centra en las presentaciones infantiles, lo que requiere una investigación específica en los grupos de mayor edad.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Identificar las características distintivas de los adolescentes y adultos jóvenes diagnosticados con mutismo selectivo.
- Determinar las necesidades específicas de tratamiento para este grupo demográfico.
- Comprender los factores ambientales que influyen en el mutismo selectivo en este grupo de edad.
Principales métodos:
- Se realizó una revisión sistemática de métodos mixtos.
- Se buscaron en las bases de datos APA PsycINFO y MEDLINE hasta febrero de 2025.
- Se incluyeron estudios descriptivos de individuos de 10 a 24 años con diagnóstico actual de MS; los datos se sintetizaron utilizando un enfoque segregado convergente.
Principales resultados:
- 40 estudios (54 participantes) cumplieron los criterios de inclusión, con calidad metodológica variable.
- El mutismo selectivo en adolescentes y adultos jóvenes difiere de las presentaciones infantiles, a menudo involucrando un inicio tardío y retrasos en el diagnóstico.
- Los síntomas se ven frecuentemente reforzados por las adaptaciones, lo que lleva a una mayor resistencia a la terapia.
Conclusiones:
- Los adolescentes y adultos jóvenes con mutismo selectivo exhiben características únicas que requieren un tratamiento especializado.
- El tratamiento requiere una mayor paciencia y diligencia por parte del terapeuta debido al historial prolongado de síntomas y la resistencia.
- Las adaptaciones ambientales juegan un papel importante en el mantenimiento y los desafíos del tratamiento del MS en esta población.
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