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Preferencias de los pacientes para los resultados del tratamiento de la hipertensión: un estudio cuantitativo de

Stefanie Gröls¹, Andrea Icks^2,3,4, Georg Wolff^5,6

¹Institute for Health Services Research and Health Economics, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düssseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany. Stefanie.Groels@hhu.de.

|February 20, 2026

Resumen

Los pacientes con hipertensión priorizan evitar accidentes cerebrovasculares y la muerte por igual sobre otros resultados. La incorporación de estas preferencias del paciente en la atención puede mejorar la adherencia al tratamiento y los resultados.

Área de la Ciencia:

Cardiología
Neurología
Salud Pública

Sus antecedentes:

La hipertensión es un factor de riesgo importante para eventos cardiovasculares y cerebrovasculares.
La baja adherencia al tratamiento dificulta el manejo eficaz de la hipertensión.
Las preferencias del paciente son cruciales para mejorar la adherencia y el éxito del tratamiento.

Objetivo del estudio:

Identificar las preferencias de los pacientes para los resultados del tratamiento de la hipertensión utilizando el proceso de jerarquía analítica (AHP).
Explorar las asociaciones entre las preferencias, los eventos previos, la demografía y la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS).

Principales métodos:

Estudio cuantitativo exploratorio de campo que involucra comparaciones pareadas de resultados entre pacientes hipertensos.
Cálculo de las ponderaciones de resultados individuales utilizando el método del vector propio.
Evaluación de la CVRS utilizando el instrumento EQ-5D-5L y la escala de evaluación visual.

Principales resultados:

El accidente cerebrovascular y la muerte fueron priorizados por igual como los resultados más preocupantes (ponderaciones: 0,271 y 0,270, respectivamente).
Le siguieron el infarto de miocardio (0,191), la insuficiencia cardíaca aguda (0,176) y las reacciones adversas a los medicamentos (RAM) (0,091).
La disnea fue la RAM más preocupante; los pacientes con antecedentes de accidente cerebrovascular priorizaron la evitación de accidentes cerebrovasculares, mientras que aquellos con antecedentes de infarto de miocardio priorizaron la evitación de la muerte.

Conclusiones:

Este estudio, el primero en utilizar AHP para las preferencias de tratamiento de la hipertensión, destaca el accidente cerebrovascular y la muerte como resultados priorizados por igual.
Prolongar la vida no es universalmente el objetivo principal del paciente.
La integración de las preferencias del paciente puede fomentar la atención centrada en el paciente, mejorando la adherencia y los resultados.

Palabras clave:

hipertensión preferencias del paciente resultados del tratamiento proceso de jerarquía analítica adherencia al tratamiento atención centrada en el paciente accidentes cerebrovasculares muerte infarto de miocardio insuficiencia cardíaca reacciones adversas a los medicamentos

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