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Ansiedad, depresión y barreras de atención en adultos con discapacidades intelectuales y del desarrollo
Anthony R Osuna1,2, Jae Kennedy3, Chuan Zhou1,2,4
1Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle.
JAMA network open
|February 20, 2026
Resumen
Los adultos con discapacidades intelectuales y del desarrollo (DID) tienen tasas significativamente más altas de ansiedad y depresión. Este estudio destaca las disparidades en el acceso a la atención de salud mental y las barreras relacionadas con los costos para esta población.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Pública; Investigación de Servicios de Salud Mental; Estudios sobre Discapacidad
Sus antecedentes:
- Los adultos con discapacidades intelectuales y del desarrollo (DID) enfrentan tasas desproporcionadamente altas de condiciones psiquiátricas.; Existen datos nacionales limitados sobre las disparidades en salud mental y las barreras de acceso para adultos con DID.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Comparar la prevalencia de ansiedad y depresión entre adultos con y sin DID.; Examinar las diferencias en la utilización de tratamientos de salud mental y las barreras relacionadas con los costos.; Identificar las disparidades en la atención de salud mental para adultos con DID.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio transversal utilizando datos combinados de la Encuesta Nacional de Entrevistas de Salud de EE. UU. (2021-2023).; Se incluyeron 44.478 adultos (796 con DID, 43.682 sin limitaciones funcionales).; El estado de DID se identificó utilizando los criterios del Conjunto Corto del Grupo de Washington; los resultados se analizaron mediante regresión logística.
Principales resultados:
- Los adultos con DID mostraron una ansiedad diagnosticada significativamente mayor (57,2 % frente a 10,6 %) y depresión (57,1 % frente a 9,9 %).; Los adultos con DID informaron una mayor ansiedad diaria (50,8 % frente a 7,9 %) y depresión (25,6 % frente a 1,4 %).; Se observó un aumento en el uso de medicamentos psiquiátricos y la utilización de terapia en adultos con DID, junto con mayores barreras relacionadas con los costos.
Conclusiones:
- Los adultos estadounidenses con DID experimentan tasas sustancialmente más altas de condiciones de salud mental.; Existen disparidades significativas en el acceso al tratamiento de salud mental y los costos para los adultos con DID.; Los hallazgos subrayan la necesidad de servicios de salud mental accesibles, asequibles y adaptados a la discapacidad, así como de una reforma de las políticas.
Palabras clave:
discapacidades intelectuales y del desarrollosalud mentalansiedaddepresiónbarreras de atencióndisparidadesreforma de políticasMás Videos Relacionados
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