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Competencias Fundamentales Actualizadas en Medicina de Desastres y Salud Pública
Rita V Burke1,2, Janine Cadet2, Norma A Quintanilla3,4
1Department of Population and Public Health Sciences Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles.
JAMA network open
|February 20, 2026
Resumen
Profesionales de la salud
Área de la Ciencia:
- Medicina y salud pública de desastres; Educación de profesionales de la salud; Preparación para emergencias
Sus antecedentes:
- El Centro Nacional de Medicina de Desastres y Salud Pública (NCDMPH) estableció competencias fundamentales para la salud en desastres en 2012.
- La pandemia de COVID-19 destacó la necesidad de reevaluar estas competencias para las emergencias de salud pública actuales.
- Los avances en medicina de desastres exigen una actualización para garantizar la preparación eficaz de los profesionales de la salud.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Determinar si las competencias fundamentales de salud en desastres de 2012 requieren una actualización.
- Evaluar el consenso de expertos sobre las modificaciones necesarias a las competencias existentes.
- Alinear la formación en salud para desastres con los desafíos y conocimientos contemporáneos.
Principales métodos:
- Se realizó un estudio cualitativo de métodos mixtos en abril de 2024.
- 20 expertos en la materia proporcionaron retroalimentación cualitativa sobre las 11 competencias fundamentales de salud en desastres.
- Una encuesta Delphi con 42 partes interesadas adicionales cuantificó el acuerdo sobre los cambios propuestos utilizando la medida de acuerdo entre evaluadores Gwet AC2.
Principales resultados:
- Expertos en la materia propusieron 23 cambios en un grupo focal inicial.
- Se alcanzó un acuerdo casi perfecto sobre la actualización de una competencia fundamental y su subcompetencia.
- La competencia actualizada se centra en identificar peligros físicos, psicológicos y de seguridad y explicar los riesgos asociados.
Conclusiones:
- Una de las 11 competencias fundamentales de salud en desastres fue modificada basándose en el consenso de expertos.
- El lenguaje refinado aborda la identificación de peligros y la explicación de riesgos, informados por la pandemia de COVID-19.
- Las competencias actualizadas garantizan que la formación de los respondedores de salud en desastres se mantenga al día con los avances en preparación y respuesta.
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