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Hiponatremia intermitente recurrente: Un nuevo modelo experimental

Marta Tejedor1,2,3,4, Lorena Cussó5,6,7, María Ángeles González-Nicolás3,8

  • 1Hepatology, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital Universitario Infanta Elena, Valdemoro, Madrid, Spain.

PloS one
|February 20, 2026
PubMed
Resumen

La hiponatremia intermitente recurrente (HRI) repetida diariamente puede causar una retención de agua significativa y acumulación de agua en el cerebro. Este novedoso modelo en ratas muestra que incluso períodos cortos de hiponatremia diaria inducen estos efectos, afectando el tejido cerebral.

Palabras clave:
hiponatremia intermitente recurrenteretención de aguacambios cerebralesmodelo de ratahiponatremia diaria

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Nefrología; Neurología; Fisiología

Sus antecedentes:

  • Se asume que la hiponatremia crónica causa natremia baja persistente y síntomas.
  • No se comprende bien el impacto de la hiponatremia corta e intermitente en el balance hídrico.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar la hiponatremia intermitente recurrente (HRI) en un modelo de rata.
  • Determinar si la hiponatremia diaria breve induce retención de agua significativa y cambios cerebrales.

Principales métodos:

  • Se desarrolló un modelo de rata de HRI durante 7 días.
  • Se evaluó el balance electrolítico, el contenido de agua cerebral (ADC) y los marcadores gliales (GFAP, MBP) mediante inmunohistoquímica.
  • Se analizaron sangre y orina para determinar el balance hídrico y electrolítico.

Principales resultados:

  • Las ratas con HRI mostraron un aumento del agua total en el cerebro (menor ADC) y expresión de GFAP en la materia gris.
  • La sobrecarga de agua en las ratas con HRI condujo a hiponatremia hipotónica con una disminución menos pronunciada del ADC que en los controles.
  • Tanto las ratas con HRI como las de control mostraron un aumento de GFAP y MBP en la materia blanca después de la sobrecarga de agua.

Conclusiones:

  • La HRI es un modelo viable que demuestra que la hiponatremia diaria y corta puede causar una retención de agua significativa.
  • La hiponatremia repetida conduce a una mayor acumulación de agua en el cerebro y activación astroglial en la materia gris.