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Prueba de la fiabilidad y validez de una escala de experiencia docente para enfermeras recién graduadas
Tomoki Doi1,2, Yasuko Shimizu2
1Faculty of Nursing, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan.
PloS one
|February 20, 2026
Resumen
Una nueva escala mide de manera confiable las experiencias de enseñanza de los instructores de enfermería que guían a las enfermeras recién graduadas (NGN). Esta herramienta ayuda a los gerentes a comprender y apoyar a las NGN.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Educación de Enfermería
- Desarrollo Profesional de Profesionales de la Salud
- Investigación en Educación Médica
Sus antecedentes:
- La educación basada en guías para enfermeras recién graduadas (NGN) depende de instructores de enfermería potencialmente inexpertos.
- Los instructores inexpertos enfrentan una mayor carga y ansiedad al enseñar a las NGN.
- Se necesita una herramienta validada para evaluar las experiencias de enseñanza de los instructores de enfermería.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Desarrollar y validar una escala que mida las experiencias de enseñanza de las enfermeras que instruyen a las NGN.
- Evaluar la fiabilidad y validez de un borrador de escala de 72 ítems.
Principales métodos:
- Encuesta transversal de 157 enfermeras experimentadas en hospitales japoneses (más de 400 camas).
- Se realizaron análisis de análisis factorial exploratorio (EFA) y consistencia ítem-factor.
- Se utilizó el alfa de Cronbach para evaluar la fiabilidad.
Principales resultados:
- El EFA identificó 27 ítems en cinco factores: cooperación, apoyo, enseñanza positiva, dificultades de enseñanza y enseñanza basada en logros.
- Los coeficientes alfa de Cronbach variaron de .849 a .923 por factor, con un alfa general de .924.
- La consistencia ítem-factor indicó un buen ajuste del modelo (CFI=.871, RMSEA=.081).
Conclusiones:
- La escala desarrollada es fiable y válida para medir las experiencias de los instructores de enfermería al enseñar a las NGN.
- Esta escala puede informar a los gerentes sobre las experiencias de enseñanza, permitiendo un apoyo personalizado para las NGN.
- Los hallazgos respaldan las experiencias de aprendizaje individualizadas y el desarrollo profesional de los instructores de enfermería.
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