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Defectos de deposición multicapa y multicanal y estrategias de control intercapa en materiales de fabricación aditiva
1Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, United States of America.
PloS one
|February 20, 2026
Resumen
Este estudio presenta una novedosa estrategia de control de lógica difusa para mejorar la precisión dimensional en la fabricación aditiva. El sistema de control intercapa en tiempo real minimiza eficazmente las desviaciones en estructuras complejas, mejorando la calidad de los componentes.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencia de materiales
- Ingeniería mecánica
- Sistemas de control
Sus antecedentes:
- La fabricación aditiva (FA) enfrenta desafíos en la precisión dimensional para la deposición multicapa y multicanal compleja.
- El estrés residual y la deformación en los componentes de FA, especialmente en las uniones de tuberías, afectan la integridad estructural.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Proponer y validar una novedosa estrategia de control intercapa en tiempo real para mejorar la precisión dimensional en la fabricación aditiva.
- Investigar la efectividad de un controlador de lógica difusa en la gestión de procesos de deposición para geometrías complejas.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizó el Análisis por Elementos Finitos (AEF) para simular los campos de temperatura, el estrés residual y la deformación en una unión de tubería.
- Se diseñó un controlador de lógica difusa para regular adaptativamente la velocidad de apilamiento en función de la desviación de altura en tiempo real y su tasa de cambio.
- Se realizó una validación experimental en estructuras simples verticales, inclinadas y de embudo complejas.
Principales resultados:
- El AEF reveló un mayor estrés residual en la unión de la tubería principal y de derivación y una deformación significativa en el centro de la intersección.
- La estrategia de control de lógica difusa demostró una minimización efectiva de la desviación: máximo 0,13 mm para estructuras verticales.
- Se logró un crecimiento estable de la capa para estructuras inclinadas, con un error máximo de 0,25 mm en la capa superior de las estructuras de embudo.
Conclusiones:
- La estrategia propuesta de control intercapa en tiempo real basada en lógica difusa mejora significativamente la precisión dimensional en la fabricación aditiva.
- La estrategia es efectiva para diversas estructuras complejas, incluidos diseños inclinados y multicanal.
- Este enfoque ofrece una solución viable para mejorar la calidad y la fiabilidad de los componentes fabricados aditivamente.
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