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Morbilidad psiquiátrica en el complejo exstrofia-epispadias: una revisión sistemática con un estudio de casos y
Essi Kymäläinen1, Niklas Pakkasjärvi2, Bernd Pape3
1Department of Pediatric Surgery, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
Journal of pediatric urology
|February 20, 2026
Resumen
Los pacientes con complejo exstrofia-epispadias de vejiga tienen un riesgo significativamente mayor de morbilidad psiquiátrica. La evaluación y el apoyo tempranos de la salud mental son cruciales para esta población.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Urología; Psiquiatría; Salud Pública
Sus antecedentes:
- El complejo exstrofia-epispadias de vejiga (BEEC) es una anomalía congénita rara con profundos impactos médicos y psicosociales.; Evaluar la morbilidad psiquiátrica en pacientes con BEEC es esencial debido a sus implicaciones significativas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Determinar la prevalencia y identificar los factores de riesgo de morbilidad psiquiátrica en personas con complejo exstrofia-epispadias de vejiga.; Evaluar la carga de salud mental asociada con BEEC en diferentes grupos de edad.
Principales métodos:
- Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura que se adhiere a las directrices PRISMA, incluyendo estudios sobre trastornos psiquiátricos y calidad de vida en pacientes con BEEC.; Se evaluó la calidad de los artículos utilizando la Escala de Obras Maestras de Newcastle y se extrajeron datos de prevalencia.; Un estudio retrospectivo del registro nacional en Finlandia identificó pacientes con BEEC (nacidos entre 2001 y 2006) y los comparó con un grupo de control emparejado para diagnósticos psiquiátricos.
Principales resultados:
- La revisión sistemática incluyó 30 estudios con 1179 participantes, revelando una prevalencia general de morbilidad psiquiátrica del 31% (IC del 95%: 17 %-47 %).; La morbilidad psiquiátrica fue mayor en adolescentes y comparable a la población general en adultos.; En la cohorte finlandesa, el 80 % de los pacientes con BEEC recibieron un diagnóstico psiquiátrico frente al 26 % de los controles (OR 11,2; p < 0,001), sin encontrar una asociación significativa con la gravedad de la anomalía, las cirugías o los factores maternos.
Conclusiones:
- El complejo exstrofia-epispadias de vejiga está relacionado con un riesgo sustancialmente mayor de morbilidad psiquiátrica.; Los hallazgos subrayan la necesidad de evaluaciones sistemáticas de salud mental y sistemas de apoyo integrados para personas con BEEC.
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