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Derrame Pleural Mielomatoso: Reporte de un Caso
Kinjal Patel1, Natasha Modi1, Avinash Munshi1
1National Institute of Medical Sciences, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
Diagnostic cytopathology
|February 20, 2026
Resumen
Se presenta un caso raro de derrame pleural mielomatoso en el mieloma múltiple. La identificación temprana de esta complicación agresiva es crucial para un tratamiento adaptado y mejores resultados para el paciente.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Hematología
- Oncología
- Patología
Sus antecedentes:
- El mieloma múltiple es un cáncer de la sangre común.
- Los derrames en las cavidades serosas son raros en el mieloma múltiple y a menudo indican enfermedad avanzada.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Reportar un caso raro de transformación leucémica con derrame pleural mielomatoso en un paciente con mieloma múltiple.
- Destacar la importancia de reconocer esta complicación agresiva.
Principales métodos:
- Reporte de caso de un paciente de 50 años con mieloma múltiple.
- Presentación clínica: disnea, tos, fatiga.
- Herramientas diagnósticas: imagenología seccional, examen citopatológico del líquido pleural.
Principales resultados:
- Derrame pleural masivo con colapso pulmonar parcial.
- La citopatología confirmó células plasmáticas atípicas y blastos plasmáticos, indicativos de derrame mielomatoso.
- Transformación leucémica concurrente con infiltración pleural.
Conclusiones:
- Los derrames mielomatosos, aunque raros, significan una variante agresiva de la enfermedad.
- Requiere estrategias terapéuticas específicas distintas de los derrames comunes.
- Enfatiza la vigilancia clínica y la evaluación citológica rápida para derrames inexplicables en pacientes con mieloma múltiple.
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