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Efectos del entrenamiento muscular inspiratorio en la apnea obstructiva del sueño: una revisión sistemática y un

Chengcheng Zuo^1,2, Jie Qin¹, Zhe Wang¹

¹Department of Otolaryngology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.

Annals of the American Thoracic Society

|February 21, 2026

Resumen

El entrenamiento muscular inspiratorio (IMT) mejora la calidad del sueño y la salud cardiovascular en pacientes con apnea obstructiva del sueño (AOS). Si bien mejora la fuerza respiratoria, la TMI no reduce significativamente el índice de apnea-hipopnea (AHI), lo que sugiere que es una terapia complementaria.

Área de la Ciencia:

Medicina Pulmonar La medicina pulmonar es el tratamiento de las enfermedades pulmonares.
Medicina del sueño Medicina del sueño.
Medicina Cardiovascular La medicina cardiovascular es una especialidad de la salud.

Sus antecedentes:

El entrenamiento muscular inspiratorio (IMT) se explora para la apnea obstructiva del sueño (OSA) para mejorar la fuerza respiratoria y los síntomas.
El impacto de la TMI en los resultados clínicos clave en pacientes con AOS sigue siendo incierto.

Objetivo del estudio:

Evaluar sistemáticamente los efectos de la TMI en la severidad de la AOS, la calidad del sueño, la función respiratoria y los marcadores cardiovasculares.
Para sintetizar la evidencia de los ensayos de control aleatorizados (ECA) sobre las intervenciones IMT para pacientes adultos con AOS.

Principales métodos:

Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática de la literatura a través de PubMed, EMBASE, CENTRAL y Web of Science.
Los ECA incluidos compararon el IMT con el control / placebo, analizando resultados como AHI, PSQI, ESS, MIP, LSaO2, BP e IMC.

Principales resultados:

El IMT demostró mejoras significativas en el IMC, la calidad del sueño (PSQI), la saturación de oxígeno más baja (LSaO2), la somnolencia diurna (ESS) y la presión inspiratoria máxima (MIP).
Los beneficios también incluyeron una mayor capacidad vital forzada (FVC%) y una reducción de la presión arterial sistólica (SBP).
No se observó una mejoría significativa en el índice de apnea-hipopnea (AHI), con heterogeneidad observada debido a los protocolos de intervención y la gravedad basal.

Conclusiones:

La TMI ofrece beneficios sintomáticos clínicamente significativos para los pacientes con AOS al mejorar la fuerza respiratoria, la calidad del sueño y la salud cardiovascular.
La TMI puede servir como terapia adyuvante para el manejo de los síntomas de la AOS en lugar de un tratamiento primario para reducir la frecuencia de los eventos.
Investigaciones adicionales pueden aclarar el papel de la TMI en el tratamiento de los mecanismos fisiopatológicos primarios de la AOS.

Palabras clave:

los resultados cardiovasculares.El entrenamiento muscular inspiratorio es un entrenamiento muscular inspiratorio.apnea obstructiva del sueño durante el sueño.fuerza muscular respiratoria fuerza muscular respiratoria La calidad del sueño, la calidad del sueño.

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