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Patrones longitudinales de angustia y resiliencia en Japón Fuerzas de autodefensa Mantenedores de la paz
Taku Saito1, Fumiko Waki1, Masanori Nagamine1
1Division of Behavioral Science, National Defense Medical College Research Institute, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa City 359-8513, Japan.
Military medicine
|February 21, 2026
Resumen
El personal de las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz de las Naciones Unidas (PKO) se enfrenta a una angustia psicológica. La resiliencia previa al despliegue y el apoyo posterior al despliegue son clave para mitigar las trayectorias de angustia a largo plazo y promover la salud mental.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Angustia psicológica angustia psicológica.
- Salud ocupacional y salud ocupacional.
- Psicología militar psicología militar.
Sus antecedentes:
- Las operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz de las Naciones Unidas (PKO, por sus siglas en inglés) presentan importantes factores de estrés psicológico.
- Comprender el impacto a largo plazo de la salud mental en el personal desplegado es crucial.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para identificar las trayectorias de angustia psicológica en el personal de PKO.
- Examinar la influencia de la resiliencia previa al despliegue en estas trayectorias.
- Investigar el papel de los factores estresantes del trabajo y el apoyo post-despliegue.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio de cohorte prospectivo del personal de las Fuerzas de Autodefensa Terrestres de Japón desplegado en Sudán del Sur.
- El modelado de mezcla de crecimiento latente (LGMM) analizó la angustia psicológica (escala de Kessler) durante 24 meses.
- Evaluar la resiliencia antes del despliegue (escala Tachikawa), la salud mental general (GHQ) y los factores laborales posteriores al despliegue (cuestionario breve de estrés laboral).
Principales resultados:
- Se identificaron cuatro trayectorias distintas de angustia psicológica: Resiliente (57,9%), Recuperación (18,6%), Crónica (13,0%) y Retrasada (10,5%).
- Los factores previos al despliegue como la ansiedad, la disforia y los trastornos del sueño aumentaron el riesgo para el grupo crónico.
- La flexibilidad cognitiva (resiliencia), el apoyo del supervisor y la buena calidad del sueño fueron factores protectores.
Conclusiones:
- Casi una cuarta parte del personal de PKO experimentó angustia psicológica a largo plazo.
- La resiliencia previa al despliegue, particularmente la flexibilidad cognitiva, junto con un buen sueño y un estado de ánimo estable, son factores protectores vitales.
- Las intervenciones posteriores al despliegue que abordan los factores estresantes del trabajo y mejoran el apoyo son esenciales para los resultados de salud mental.
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