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La dieta alta en grasas y la obesidad aumentan cada una la proliferación de células tumorales y el desgaste muscular
Brittany R Counts1,2, Andrea Bonetto3,4,5,6,7, Ho Lam Chan3
1Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
American journal of physiology. Cell physiology
|February 21, 2026
Resumen
La dieta alta en grasas (HFD) y la obesidad empeoran la caquexia del cáncer y el crecimiento tumoral al aumentar la inflamación y la pérdida muscular. Estos factores, impulsados por la dieta y la adiposidad, presentan objetivos terapéuticos potenciales para el tratamiento del cáncer.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Oncología Oncología.
- El metabolismo es el metabolismo.
- Inmunología Inmunología.
Sus antecedentes:
- La dieta alta en grasas (HFD) y la obesidad están relacionadas con el desarrollo del cáncer y la mortalidad.
- La obesidad se correlaciona paradójicamente con una mayor supervivencia en pacientes con cáncer de pulmón, lo que sugiere un papel protector de la masa corporal.
- La caquexia, caracterizada por pérdida de peso y desgaste muscular, es común en el cáncer de pulmón y puede ser exacerbada por la obesidad.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar los efectos distintos y combinados de la HFD y la obesidad sobre la caquexia del cáncer y el crecimiento tumoral.
- Para modelar la caquexia del cáncer en ratones utilizando la obesidad inducida por HFD y el carcinoma de pulmón de Lewis (LLC).
- Identificar posibles objetivos terapéuticos para mitigar la caquexia y la progresión tumoral.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizaron ratones magros y obesos inducidos por HFD, con y sin tumores de LLC.
- Peso corporal estimado, masa de tejido (músculo, grasa, corazón), carga tumoral y marcadores inflamatorios.
- Se analiza la expresión de citoquinas (por ejemplo, IL-6) y la fosforilación de STAT3 en los tejidos.
- Evaluado in vivo e in vitro la proliferación de células tumorales.
Principales resultados:
- La HFD por sí sola empeoró la pérdida muscular y la inflamación, pero no aumentó la carga tumoral.
- Los ratones obesos con tumores exhibieron la caquexia más grave, un aumento de la carga tumoral y una mayor proliferación de células tumorales.
- Tanto la HFD como la obesidad preexistente amplificaron independientemente la inflamación, la caquexia y el crecimiento tumoral.
- El suero de ratones obesos HFD promovió la proliferación de células LLC in vitro.
Conclusiones:
- La HFD y la obesidad crónica exacerban claramente la inflamación y la caquexia relacionadas con el cáncer.
- La obesidad empeora significativamente la caquexia y promueve el crecimiento y la proliferación de tumores.
- Dirigirse a la inflamación inducida por HFD y la caquexia inducida por la obesidad puede ofrecer estrategias terapéuticas para retrasar la progresión del cáncer.
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