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Modelos nacionales y subnacionales de atención que apoyan la atención primaria de salud: un estudio de métodos mixtos
Mary Louisa Plummer1, Nuria Toro Polanco1, Faraz Khalid2
1World Health Organization, Division of Universal Health Coverage and Life Course, Department of Integrated Health Services, Clinical Services and Systems Unit, Geneva, Switzerland.
The International journal of health planning and management
|February 21, 2026
Resumen
Reorientar los modelos de atención de la salud (MOC) hacia la atención primaria de salud (PHC) requiere una articulación clara y una planificación práctica. Los MOCs exitosos fortalecen la capacidad de atención primaria, integran los servicios y aseguran una entrega coordinada y centrada en las personas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Servicios de salud Servicios de salud Investigación Investigación.
- Política de salud pública Política de salud pública.
- Gestión de la Gestión de la Atención Médica.
Sus antecedentes:
- La Asamblea Mundial de la Salud instó a los países a cambiar hacia los modelos de atención (MOC) de atención primaria de salud (PHC) en 2020.
- Comprender cómo se conceptualizan e implementan los MOC es crucial para esta reorientación de la salud global.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Describir el entendimiento común y la aplicación del concepto de "modelo de atención".
- Identificar los MOC implementados y sus componentes que apoyan a los PHC a nivel nacional y subnacional.
Principales métodos:
- Una revisión de alcance de la literatura de PubMed, el Índice Global Medicus y las publicaciones de la OMS.
- Entrevistas cualitativas con planificadores nacionales de salud en siete países de la Región del Mediterráneo Oriental.
Principales resultados:
- La mayoría de la literatura ha definido implícitamente los MOC a través de sus componentes en lugar de definiciones explícitas.
- Setenta y ocho artículos detallaban los MOC subnacionales, a menudo específicos de la condición.
- Doce artículos y todos los entrevistados destacaron los MOC nacionales / subnacionales grandes que priorizan la salud pública, la integración de servicios y la entrega centrada en las personas.
Conclusiones:
- Los componentes clave para los MOC orientados a la salud pública incluyen una mayor capacidad de atención primaria, equipos multidisciplinarios, sólidos vínculos interniveles, vías eficientes para los pacientes y coordinación longitudinal.
- Definir explícitamente el MOC previsto y participar en una planificación práctica y coordinada es vital para una reorientación exitosa de los PHC nacionales.
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