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Filogenómica de las salamandras del bosque (Plethodon): Evolución de los reticulados y límites indistintos de las
Brian P Waldron1, Maggie M Hantak2, Emily F Watts3
1Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 165 Prospect Street, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
Molecular phylogenetics and evolution
|February 21, 2026
Resumen
La hibridación tiene un impacto significativo en la evolución de la salamandra del bosque (Plethodon), revelando linajes crípticos y desafiando la taxonomía actual, especialmente dentro del grupo glutinoso. Se necesitan más estudios para aclarar los límites de las especies.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biología evolutiva Biología evolutiva.
- La genómica es la genómica.
- La sistemática es la sistemática.
Sus antecedentes:
- Las salamandras de los bosques (Plethodon) exhiben especies crípticas y complejas relaciones filogenéticas.
- La hibridación interespecífica es común en Plethodon, pero su impacto en la topología del árbol de especies sigue siendo poco estudiado.
- Los datos genómicos ofrecen nuevas vías para resolver la discordancia filogenética causada por la hibridación.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para estimar la historia filogenómica de Plethodon utilizando datos genómicos.
- Evaluar el papel de la hibridación en la configuración de las relaciones y la taxonomía de las especies.
- Para identificar linajes crípticos y evaluar la delimitación de especies en Plethodon.
Principales métodos:
- Datos de enriquecimiento híbrido anclados de 194 muestras de Plethodon.
- Análisis filogenómicos que incluyen clustering (DAPC), detección híbrida (HyDe) y métodos de red (SNaQ).
- Análisis comparativo de datos genómicos con la taxonomía de especies existentes.
Principales resultados:
- Relaciones bien apoyadas dentro de la mayoría de los clados de Plethodon, con algunas discordancias vinculadas a la hibridación.
- Descubrimiento de la estructura filogeográfica críptica y nuevos linajes dentro de varias especies.
- Extensa hibridación y discordancia taxonómica identificada dentro del grupo Plethodon glutinosus.
Conclusiones:
- La hibridación ha jugado un papel importante en la diversificación de Plethodon.
- Los análisis de redes filogenéticas sugieren que la evolución de los reticulados, la polifilia y la división excesiva contribuyen a la discordancia.
- La taxonomía a nivel de especie, particularmente para el grupo glutinoso, requiere una reevaluación.
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