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Updated: Feb 24, 2026

Hydroponics: A Versatile System to Study Nutrient Allocation and Plant Responses to Nutrient Availability and Exposure to Toxic Elements

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Published on: July 13, 2016

Elementos Traza Esenciales en Plantas Comestibles: Equilibrio de Beneficios Nutricionales y Riesgos Potenciales para

Agata Stolecka¹, Pilar Ortiz Sandoval^2,3, Agnieszka Gruszecka-Kosowska¹

¹AGH University of Krakow, Poland, Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, Department of Environmental Protection, Al Mickiewicza 30, Kraków 30-059, Poland.

Journal of agricultural and food chemistry

|February 22, 2026

Abstract:

This study examined the concentrations and bioaccessibility of essential trace elements (ETEs), namely, cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn), in edible plants commonly consumed in Poland, assessing their nutritional contribution and potential health risks. Total and bioaccessible concentrations were measured in vegetables, fruits, and cereals using seven standardized, physiologically relevant extraction methods. Estimated Nutrient Intake (ENI) and noncarcinogenic risks (Hazard Quotients, HQs) were calculated via Monte Carlo simulations to account for variability in consumption and absorption. Results revealed substantial differences among plant types and extraction protocols, with bioaccessibility-based methods generally yielding intake estimates lower than total concentrations. Most ENI values fell within the recommended intake ranges, although some scenarios indicated potential underexposure (Co, Fe) or overexposure (Cu, Mn). These findings underscore the importance of incorporating bioaccessibility data and realistic exposure modeling into dietary risk assessment and nutritional guidelines for edible plants.

Palabras clave:

simulación de Monte Carlo bioaccesibilidad exposición dietética riesgo para la salud ingesta de nutrientes elementos traza

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