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Enlaces mecánicos entre las vías de cadmio y MAPK que conducen a la neurodegeneración
Sneha De1, Shinjini Kanrar1, Aluru Parithathvi2
1Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India.
Neurotoxicology and teratology
|February 22, 2026
Resumen
La exposición al cadmio está relacionada con enfermedades neurodegenerativas como el Alzheimer y el Parkinson a través de mecanismos que incluyen estrés oxidativo y mal plegamiento de proteínas. Esta revisión destaca el papel del cadmio en la neurodegeneración y los posibles marcadores de diagnóstico.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Ambiental Salud del medio ambiente.
- La neurociencia es la neurociencia.
- Toxicología Toxicología.
Sus antecedentes:
- El cadmio es un carcinógeno del Grupo 1 con una presencia ambiental generalizada.
- La exposición ocurre a través de procesos industriales, agua contaminada, dieta y tabaco.
- La exposición prolongada causa toxicidad sistémica, neurodegeneración, estrés oxidativo y plegamiento incorrecto de las proteínas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar sistemáticamente el papel de la exposición al cadmio en los trastornos neurodegenerativos.
- Centrarse en los mecanismos que incluyen el estrés oxidativo, el plegamiento incorrecto de proteínas, la desregulación de la autofagia y las vías de señalización de MAPK.
Principales métodos:
- Se realizó una búsqueda exhaustiva de la literatura.
- Las bases de datos buscadas incluyen PubMed, Scopus y Science Direct.
- Se utilizaron palabras clave específicas relacionadas con el cadmio y la neurodegeneración.
Principales resultados:
- La exposición al cadmio se asocia con neuroinflamación, disfunción mitocondrial y deterioro de la función neuronal.
- La alteración de las vías de autofagia y MAPK (ERK, JNK, P38) contribuye a la neurotoxicidad.
- El mal plegamiento de proteínas inducido por cadmio (tau, amiloide-β, α-sinucleína) está implicado en las enfermedades de Alzheimer y Parkinson.
Conclusiones:
- La exposición al cadmio es un factor de riesgo significativo para las enfermedades neurodegenerativas.
- El estrés oxidativo, el mal plegamiento de las proteínas y la desregulación de las vías son mecanismos clave.
- Los niveles elevados de IL-6, IL-8 y citocromo c pueden indicar neurodegeneración asociada al cadmio.
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