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Influencia de la adversidad en la vida temprana en los resultados académicos, conductuales y de salud en la escuela

Anjali Gupta¹, Maxwell Hartshorn¹, Leilani Ivery¹

¹Child Wellness Lab, Maternal & Child Health Research Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.

Academic pediatrics

|February 22, 2026

Resumen

Las experiencias adversas de la infancia (ACE) en el preescolar están vinculadas a un mayor absentismo escolar, problemas de comportamiento y problemas de salud más adelante en la infancia. Los primeros biomarcadores como el cortisol del cabello y la oxitocina pueden predecir estos resultados.

Área de la Ciencia:

Desarrollo infantil Desarrollo infantil Desarrollo infantil.
Psiconeuroendocrinología psiconeuroendocrinología
Salud Pública La salud pública.

Sus antecedentes:

Existen datos prospectivos limitados sobre las experiencias adversas en la infancia (ACE) que afectan los resultados de la escuela primaria.
Pocos estudios han investigado el cortisol y la oxitocina como biomarcadores de riesgo y resiliencia en relación con los ACE.
Comprender los biomarcadores de estrés temprano en la vida es crucial para predecir la salud a largo plazo y las trayectorias de comportamiento.

Objetivo del estudio:

Examinar la asociación entre las experiencias adversas en la niñez (ACE) y los resultados en la escuela primaria.
Explorar las concentraciones de cortisol capilar (HCC) y oxitocina (HOC) como potenciales biomarcadores de riesgo y resiliencia.
Investigar el valor predictivo de los biomarcadores de estrés en la vida temprana en los resultados académicos, conductuales y de salud.

Principales métodos:

El Estudio de Biomarcadores del Cabello (HBS-I) incluyó a niños en edad preescolar (9-72 meses).
Se utilizaron encuestas a padres y muestras de cabello del cuero cabelludo para medir el cortisol del cabello (HCC) y la oxitocina (HOC) a través de ELISA.
El prospectivo seguimiento evaluó los resultados de la escuela primaria, incluida la asistencia, la Lista de verificación de comportamiento infantil (CBCL) y el estado de salud.

Principales resultados:

Una o más ECA se asociaron con un 57% más de absentismo, un 12,3 percentil más de problemas totales de CBCL y un aumento de 3,7 veces en las probabilidades de síntomas médicamente inexplicables.
Un nivel más alto de oxitocina del cabello preescolar (HOC) predijo menos ausencias escolares, mientras que un nivel más alto de cortisol del cabello (HCC) predijo más problemas de sueño.
El elevado estrés de los padres en el preescolar predijo un aumento de los problemas de internalización y externalización y menores calificaciones de salud infantil.

Conclusiones:

La exposición a las ECA preescolares está constantemente vinculada a resultados académicos, conductuales y de salud adversos en la escuela primaria.
El cortisol del cabello y la oxitocina muestran potencial como biomarcadores para predecir el riesgo y la resiliencia relacionados con el estrés en la vida temprana.
La colaboración interdisciplinaria es vital para mitigar los efectos a largo plazo de las ECA.

Palabras clave:

académicos y académicas.El comportamiento comportamiento comportamiento comportamiento comportamiento.La vida temprana la adversidad la adversidad.cortisol para el cabello cortisol para el cabello Salud salud salud salud salud.

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