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La invasión de Mikania micrantha reestructura el ciclo de nitrógeno de la rizosfera a través de la activación
Ruonan Wang1, Zhen Wang1, Wenbo Liao2
1School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
Microbiome
|February 22, 2026
Resumen
La invasiva Mikania micrantha remodela el ciclo del nitrógeno del suelo al aumentar el nitrógeno orgánico e inhibir las formas minerales. Esta planta invasora recluta microbios beneficiosos y utiliza la alelopatía para obtener ventajas ecológicas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ecología Ecología Ecología.
- Ciencias ambientales Ciencias ambientales.
- Microbiología Microbiología.
Sus antecedentes:
- Las plantas invasoras alteran significativamente el ciclo de nutrientes del ecosistema, en particular el nitrógeno (N) del suelo.
- Los mecanismos por los cuales Mikania micrantha impacta el ciclo N y los microbios del suelo son poco conocidos.
- Los estudios comparativos con congéneres nativos son escasos, lo que limita la comprensión de los rasgos específicos de la especie frente a los de todo el género.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar cómo Mikania micrantha modula las vías metabólicas del nitrógeno.
- Para explorar el impacto de M. micrantha en la microecología de la rizosfera.
- Para comparar los efectos de M. micrantha con su congénere, Mikania cordata.
Principales métodos:
- Se emplearon análisis metagenómicos y metabolómicos combinados.
- Se analizaron muestras de suelo de la rizosfera de áreas invadidas por M. micrantha.
- Se perfilaron la abundancia de genes para las enzimas de asimilación de nitrógeno y las comunidades microbianas.
Principales resultados:
- M. micrantha creó un perfil de suelo de "alto nitrógeno total y bajo nitrógeno mineral".
- Se observó enriquecimiento de los genes de asimilación de amonio y supresión de los genes de asimilación de nitrato.
- Se identificó el enriquecimiento selectivo de microbios fijadores de nitrógeno y PGPR, junto con los efectos inhibidores de la epicatequina en las bacterias nitrificantes.
Conclusiones:
- M. micrantha emplea una estrategia multidimensional que incluye regulación bioquímica, reclutamiento microbiano e interferencia mediada por metabolitos.
- Esta estrategia reconfigura el ciclo del nitrógeno de la rizosfera, contribuyendo potencialmente a su ventaja ecológica.
- M. micrantha exhibe una estrategia más completa de regulación del ciclo N en comparación con M. cordata.
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