Apendicitis: Integración de la atención de enfermería basada en la evidencia en la práctica clínica

Appendicitis is a global disease that affects people of all ages, but occurs most often between ages 5 and 45 years. It is one of the most common causes of acute abdominal surgery and, if left untreated, it is a surgical emergency that requires prompt intervention. Nurses play a vital role in managing patient care by addressing pain, preventing infection, and ensuring patient safety. This article discusses the pathophysiology and typical presentation of appendicitis, followed by an overview of current surgical management, including laparoscopic and minimally invasive techniques. It also explores the critical role of nurses in the care of patients with appendicitis, highlighting the need for accurate assessment, clinical judgment, and patient-centered care to improve patient outcomes. Key nursing responsibilities in the preoperative and postoperative phases include pain management, infection prevention, fluid balance, mobility, emotional support, patient education, and discharge planning. Early recognition of complications through skilled assessment and critical thinking is essential to prevent clinical deterioration. Common nursing diagnoses and measurable outcomes guide care planning and evaluation. Holistic, compassionate nursing care is essential in supporting patients with appendicitis throughout their diagnosis and treatment plan.