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The Z-Scheme of Electron Transport in Photosynthesis01:34

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The light reactions of photosynthesis assume a linear flow of electrons from water to NADP+. During this process, light energy drives the splitting of water molecules to produce oxygen. However, oxidation of water molecules is a thermodynamically unfavorable reaction and requires a strong oxidizing agent. This is accomplished by the first product of light reactions: oxidized P680 (or P680+), the most powerful oxidizing agent known in biology. The oxidized P680 that acquires an electron from the...
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The final stage of cellular respiration is oxidative phosphorylation that consists of two steps: the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. The electron transport chain is a set of proteins found in the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotic cells. Its primary function is to establish a proton gradient that can be used during chemiosmosis to produce ATP and generate electron carriers, such as NAD+ and FAD, that are used in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
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Photosystem I01:27

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Although structurally similar to photosystem II (PSII), photosystem I (PSI) is has a different electron supplier and electron acceptor.
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The electron transport chain (ETC) is a crucial metabolic pathway that facilitates energy conversion in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. In eukaryotes, the ETC comprises four membrane-associated protein complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane. In prokaryotes, the ETC in the plasma membrane can vary in composition, with fewer or different complexes depending on the organism and environmental conditions. These complexes transfer electrons from electron donors, such as NADH and FADH2, to...
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The energy released from the breakdown of the chemical bonds within nutrients can be stored either through the reduction of electron carriers or in the bonds of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In living systems, a small class of compounds functions as mobile electron carriers, molecules that bind to and shuttle high-energy electrons between compounds in pathways. The principal electron carriers that will be considered originate from the B vitamin group and are derivatives of nucleotides; they are...
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During the electron transport chain, electrons from NADH and FADH2 are first transferred to complexes I and II, respectively. These two complexes then transfer the electrons to ubiquinol, which carries them further to complex III. Complex III passes the electrons across the intermembrane space to Cyt c, which carries them further to complex IV. Complex IV donates electrons to oxygen and reduces it to water. As electrons pass through complexes I, III, and IV, the energy released aids the pumping...
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Mechanistic implications of excited high-spin states, spin-spin coupling, and differential [2Fe-2S]<sup>+</sup> cluster temperature relaxations in the electron-bifurcating NfnABC from <i>Thermococcus sibiricus</i>.

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La transferencia de electrones fotoinducida informa sobre el acoplamiento de vías en la bifurcación de electrones

Seth A Wiley1, Carolyn E Lubner1

  • 1Biosciences Center, National Laboratory of the Rockies, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States.

ACS bio & med chem Au
|February 23, 2026
PubMed
Resumen

La bifurcación de electrones basada en flavina (FBEB) utiliza la enzima Nfn para crear electrones de alta energía. Los nuevos métodos de EPR criogénico revelan cómo esta enzima controla el flujo de electrones, ofreciendo información sobre la conversión de energía.

Palabras clave:
Bifurcación de electronesEnzimasMecanismoFotoquímicaProteínasIntermediarios de reacciónReacciones redox

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Bioquímica
  • Enzimología
  • Bioenergética

Sus antecedentes:

  • La bifurcación de electrones basada en flavina (FBEB) es un proceso enzimático crítico para la conversión de energía.
  • La enzima NADH-dependiente ferredoxina:NADP+-oxidoreductasa (Nfn) en *Pyrococcus furiosus* utiliza FBEB para impulsar reacciones desfavorables.
  • Comprender el mecanismo de Nfn para controlar los electrones de alta energía es crucial para la investigación en bioenergética.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar los mecanismos de control electrónico en la vía de baja potencial de Nfn.
  • Elucidar el papel del entorno proteico en la gestión de intermediarios de electrones de alta energía y de corta duración.
  • Obtener información sobre los pasos de transferencia de electrones y las interacciones de los cofactores dentro de Nfn.

Principales métodos:

  • Adaptación de la fotoexcitación a baja temperatura combinada con espectroscopía de resonancia paramagnética electrónica (EPR).
  • Acumulación y caracterización de intermediarios de radicales de corta duración a temperaturas criogénicas.
  • Análisis de las interacciones de cofactores, incluidos los clústeres [4Fe-4S], durante la bifurcación de electrones.

Principales resultados:

  • Se observó un crecimiento coincidente de intermediarios de radicales y clústeres [4Fe-4S] cercanos tras la iluminación con NADPH a temperaturas criogénicas.
  • Las especies paramagnéticas fotogeneradas fueron estables a temperaturas de nitrógeno líquido y se recombinaron al calentarse.
  • Se identificó un posible mecanismo de compuerta que involucra el movimiento de residuos clave, influyendo en la reversibilidad del flujo de electrones.

Conclusiones:

  • El estudio proporciona información novedosa sobre la dinámica de transferencia de electrones y las interacciones de cofactores en la vía de baja potencial de Nfn.
  • La EPR criogénica sondea con éxito los intermediarios inestables, mejorando la comprensión mecanicista de FBEB.
  • Un mecanismo de compuerta basado en residuos puede regular la direccionalidad del flujo de electrones en Nfn.