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Lexicones de Lenguaje Estigmatizante: Un Análisis Comparativo en Contextos Clínicos

Yiliang Zhou1, Di Hu1, Tianchu Lyu1

  • 1University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.

AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium
|February 23, 2026
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Los profesionales de la salud necesitan un léxico estandarizado para evitar el lenguaje estigmatizante, que contribuye a las desigualdades. El análisis de los léxicos existentes revela que la mayoría de los términos son expresiones de juicio y están clasificados negativamente, lo que pone de relieve la necesidad de definiciones claras.

Palabras clave:
historia clínica electrónicaequidad en saludprocesamiento del lenguaje naturalestigmalenguaje estigmatizante

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ética Médica
  • Comunicación de la Salud
  • Lingüística en la Atención Médica

Sus antecedentes:

  • El lenguaje estigmatizante en la atención médica contribuye a desigualdades significativas.
  • Actualmente carece de un léxico universalmente aceptado para identificar dicho lenguaje.
  • Esta ausencia dificulta los esfuerzos para estandarizar la comunicación y mitigar el daño.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Identificar y analizar comparativamente los léxicos existentes de lenguaje estigmatizante en la atención médica.
  • Examinar las similitudes, discrepancias y la distribución de términos (positiva, negativa, neutral) dentro de estos léxicos.
  • Subrayar la necesidad de un léxico estandarizado e identificar los desafíos en la definición del lenguaje clínico estigmatizante.

Principales métodos:

  • Búsqueda sistemática de literatura para identificar léxicos relevantes de lenguaje estigmatizante.
  • Análisis comparativo de los léxicos identificados para similitud semántica y discrepancias.
  • Análisis de sentimientos de los términos dentro de los léxicos utilizando un conjunto de datos establecido para clasificar el sentimiento (positivo, negativo, neutral).

Principales resultados:

  • Se identificaron cuatro léxicos distintos de lenguaje estigmatizante.
  • Se encontró una similitud semántica moderada entre los léxicos, con discrepancias notables.
  • La mayoría de los términos estigmatizantes identificados fueron expresiones de juicio utilizadas por los médicos para comportamientos negativos percibidos.
  • El análisis de sentimientos reveló una proporción predominante de términos clasificados negativamente, aunque existieron variaciones entre los léxicos.

Conclusiones:

  • Los léxicos existentes muestran un acuerdo moderado pero carecen de estandarización, lo que indica una brecha significativa en la comunicación de la atención médica.
  • La prevalencia de términos con valencia negativa y de juicio resalta el impacto del lenguaje del médico en la percepción y el cuidado del paciente.
  • El desarrollo de un léxico estandarizado es crucial para abordar las desigualdades en la atención médica derivadas del lenguaje estigmatizante.