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Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Eukaryotic Transcription Activators02:42

Eukaryotic Transcription Activators

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Transcription activators are proteins that promote the transcription of genes from DNA to RNA. In most cases, these proteins contain two separate domains ‒ a domain that binds to DNA and a domain for activating transcription; however, in some cases, a single domain is responsible for both binding and activation of transcription, as seen in the glucocorticoid receptor and MyoD.
The binding domains are capable of recognizing and interacting with regulatory sequences on the DNA. These...
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Transcription in Prokaryotes01:28

Transcription in Prokaryotes

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Transcription is a highly regulated process that converts genetic information into RNA molecules. The transcription cycle is divided into three key stages: initiation, elongation, and termination, each driven by specific molecular mechanisms.Initiation of TranscriptionIn bacteria, transcription begins when the RNA polymerase core enzyme associates with a sigma factor to form a holoenzyme. For example, the E. coli sigma factor called σ70 forms a holoenzyme, which recognizes the -10 (Pribnow...
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Bacterial Transcription01:53

Bacterial Transcription

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RNA polymerase (RNAP) carries out DNA-dependent RNA synthesis in both bacteria and eukaryotes. Bacteria do not have a membrane-bound nucleus. So, transcription and translation occur simultaneously, on the same DNA template.
Transcription can be divided into three main stages, each involving distinct DNA sequences to guide the polymerase. These are:
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Prokaryotic Transcriptional Activators and Repressors01:58

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The organization of prokaryotic genes in their genome is notably different from that of eukaryotes. Prokaryotic genes are organized, such that the genes for proteins involved in the same biochemical process or function are located together in groups. This group of genes, along with their regulatory elements, are collectively known as an operon. The functional genes in an operon are transcribed together to give a single strand of mRNA known as polycistronic mRNA.
Transcription of prokaryotic...
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Prokaryotic Transcriptional Activators and Repressors01:58

Prokaryotic Transcriptional Activators and Repressors

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Eukaryotic Transcription Inhibitors01:52

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Certain biochemical processes, such as embryonic development and cell growth regulation, depend on the repression of specific genes. DNA binding proteins known as eukaryotic transcription inhibitors regulate the repression of gene expression in eukaryotes. The presence of these inhibitors at the required location and time in the cell is triggered by the presence of hormones and additional signals from other cells.
Eukaryotic transcription inhibitors usually contain two distinct domains, a...
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Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: Feb 24, 2026

Genome-wide Surveillance of Transcription Errors in Eukaryotic Organisms
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Un kit de herramientas para la ingeniería transcripcional programable en todos los reinos eucariotas

Izaiah J Ornelas, Lauren A Owens, Simon Alamos

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    |February 23, 2026
    PubMed
    Resumen

    Los investigadores diseñaron un kit de herramientas de más de 300 reguladores de la cromatina (CR) para controlar la expresión génica en eucariotas. Esta herramienta avanza en biología sintética y revela represores universales como RCOR1 y MTA2.

    Palabras clave:
    biología sintéticaingeniería genéticaregulación génicaeucariotasreguladores de la cromatinaCRISPRrepresores universales

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    Área de la Ciencia:

    • Biología Molecular
    • Biología Sintética
    • Genética

    Sus antecedentes:

    • Los reguladores de la cromatina (CR) son cruciales para la vida eucariota, ya que modulan los estados de la cromatina.
    • Las funciones de la mayoría de los CR predichos siguen sin ser caracterizadas experimentalmente.
    • Existe la necesidad de herramientas para controlar con precisión la expresión génica en eucariotas.

    Objetivo del estudio:

    • Construir y probar una biblioteca de más de 300 reguladores de la cromatina (CR) de longitud completa para su capacidad de modular la transcripción génica.
    • Identificar CR con funcionalidad interreino y evaluar su rendimiento en comparación con las herramientas existentes.
    • Desarrollar nuevas herramientas basadas en CRISPR para la regulación génica programable.

    Principales métodos:

    • Creación de una biblioteca de más de 300 CR humanos, de plantas, levaduras, protozoos y virus fusionados a dominios de unión al ADN.
    • Prueba de CR para la represión y activación transcripcional en células de plantas y humanas.
    • Utilización de pantallas CRISPR agrupadas para identificar represores para la titulación de la expresión génica.

    Principales resultados:

    • Descubrimiento de CR que exhiben funcionalidad interreino, superando a las herramientas existentes para el control transcripcional en plantas y células humanas.
    • Desarrollo de represores CRISPR capaces de titular la expresión génica a niveles intermedios.
    • Identificación de RCOR1 y MTA2 como represores eucariotas universales activos en plantas, levaduras y células humanas.

    Conclusiones:

    • El kit de herramientas CR desarrollado avanza significativamente la ingeniería eucariota sintética.
    • El estudio amplía la comprensión de la funcionalidad de los reguladores de la cromatina en diversas especies eucariotas.
    • RCOR1 y MTA2 representan represores conservados y potentes con aplicabilidad eucariota general.