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Del adolescencia a la edad adulta: las huellas funcionales de la corteza visual de alto nivel revelan el desarrollo
bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
|February 23, 2026
Resumen
El desarrollo cerebral adolescente muestra una plasticidad continua en el procesamiento visual. Los campos receptivos de la población (pRF) y la selectividad de categorías maduran durante la adolescencia, lo que afecta los cálculos visuoespaciales.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Neurociencia
- Neurociencia del Desarrollo
- Neurociencia Visual
Sus antecedentes:
- Los cálculos visuoespaciales son cruciales para la lectura, la interacción social y la navegación.
- Estos cálculos dependen de los campos receptivos de la población (pRF) en la corteza visual selectiva a las categorías.
- Los cambios en el desarrollo de los pRF y la selectividad de categorías durante la adolescencia siguen estando en gran medida sin caracterizar.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la trayectoria del desarrollo de los pRF y la selectividad de categorías en la corteza visual humana durante la adolescencia.
- Examinar cómo varían los cálculos visuoespaciales en diferentes flujos y categorías visuales.
Principales métodos:
- Se empleó la imagen por resonancia magnética funcional (fMRI) en participantes adolescentes y adultos.
- Se utilizó el modelado de campos receptivos de la población (pRF) para analizar la organización de la corteza visual.
- Se evaluó la selectividad de categorías en los flujos visuales ventral, lateral y dorsal.
Principales resultados:
- Se observó una huella funcional consistente de la ubicación, el tamaño y la cobertura del campo visual de los pRF en todas las categorías, flujos y hemisferios.
- La ubicación del pRF era en gran medida similar a la de los adultos en la adolescencia.
- El tamaño del pRF, la cobertura del campo visual y la selectividad de categorías mostraron una maduración significativa y específica de la región desde la adolescencia hasta la edad adulta.
Conclusiones:
- La adolescencia representa un período crítico de plasticidad funcional continua en la corteza visual de alto nivel.
- Estos hallazgos proporcionan una línea de tiempo de desarrollo para la maduración de los cálculos visuoespaciales.
- Se establece un marco multidimensional para comprender la organización y el desarrollo de la corteza visual.
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