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Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: Feb 24, 2026

Using Multi-fluorinated Bile Acids and In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Measure Bile Acid Transport
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Regulación inmunitaria pleiotrópica por ácidos biliares en fisiopatología

Bo-Shen Lin1, Min-Yue Yin1, Si-An Xie1

  • 1Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Health, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Early Gastrointestinal Cancer Medicine and Medical Devices, Beijing, China.

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|February 23, 2026
PubMed
Resumen

Los ácidos biliares (AB) son moléculas de señalización clave que impactan el metabolismo del huésped, la microbiota intestinal y la inmunidad. Esta revisión explora cómo los AB regulan las células inmunitarias e influyen en las enfermedades, destacando las estrategias terapéuticas dirigidas a las vías de los AB.

Palabras clave:
enfermedades autoinmunesácidos biliarescáncermicrobiota intestinalinmunidad

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Inmunología
  • Metabolismo
  • Microbiología

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los ácidos biliares (AB) han ampliado sus funciones más allá de la digestión para actuar como moléculas de señalización cruciales.
  • Los AB integran el metabolismo del huésped, la microbiota intestinal y las funciones del sistema inmunitario.
  • La señalización de AB desregulada se asocia con diversas enfermedades, incluidas afecciones inflamatorias, autoinmunes, metabólicas y malignas.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Revisar los multifacéticos roles de los ácidos biliares en la regulación de la inmunidad innata y adaptativa.
  • Examinar los mecanismos por los cuales los ácidos biliares modulan la actividad de las células inmunitarias a través de receptores específicos.
  • Discutir las implicaciones de la señalización de los ácidos biliares en diferentes tejidos y contextos de enfermedad.

Principales métodos:

  • Revisión de literatura de estudios sobre la señalización de ácidos biliares y la función inmune.
  • Análisis de los roles de receptores específicos (FXR, TGR5, VDR, RORs) en la mediación de los efectos de los AB en las células inmunitarias.
  • Examen de la señalización de AB específica del tejido y su impacto en la homeostasis inmune.

Principales resultados:

  • Los ácidos biliares modulan la actividad de células inmunitarias clave, como macrófagos, células dendríticas, células T, células NK y células NKT.
  • Receptores específicos como FXR, TGR5, VDR y ROR median diversas funciones inmunorreguladoras de los AB.
  • La señalización de AB específica del tejido influye en la homeostasis inmune en el intestino, el hígado, el SNC y el microambiente tumoral.

Conclusiones:

  • Los ácidos biliares son reguladores críticos de la homeostasis inmune y desempeñan un papel importante en la salud y la enfermedad.
  • La orientación de las vías de los ácidos biliares ofrece prometedoras estrategias terapéuticas para los trastornos relacionados con el sistema inmunitario.
  • Una mayor investigación sobre la comunicación entre los ácidos biliares y el sistema inmunitario puede avanzar la inmunoterapia de precisión y las intervenciones basadas en la microbiota.