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The process of surrounding a solute with solvent is called solvation. It involves evenly distributing the solute within the solvent. The rule of thumb for determining a solvent for a given compound is that like dissolves like. A good solvent has molecular characteristics similar to those of the compound to be dissolved. For example, polar solutions dissolve polar solutes, and apolar solvents dissolve apolar solutes. A polar solvent is a solvent that has a high dielectric constant (ϵ...
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Solution, Solubility, and Solubility Equilibrium
A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of a solvent, the major component, and a solute, the minor component. The physical state of a solution—solid, liquid, or gas—is typically the same as that of the solvent. Solute concentrations are often described with qualitative terms such as dilute (of relatively low concentration) and concentrated (of relatively high concentration).
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A hydrogen bond is formed when a weakly positive hydrogen atom already bonded to one electronegative atom (for example, the oxygen in the water molecule) is attracted to another electronegative atom from another polar molecule, such as water (H2O), hydrogen fluoride (HF), or ammonia (NH3). The huge electronegativity difference between the H atom (2.1) and the atom to which it is bonded (4.0 for an F atom, 3.5 for an O atom, or 3.0 for an N atom), combined with the very small size of an H atom...
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Hydrogen bonds are weak attractions between atoms that have formed other chemical bonds. One of these atoms is electronegative, like oxygen, and has a partial negative charge. The other is a hydrogen atom that has bonded with another electronegative atom and has a partial positive charge.
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Water and other polar molecules are attracted to ions. The electrostatic attraction between an ion and a molecule with a dipole is called an ion-dipole attraction. These attractions play an important role in the dissolution of ionic compounds in water.
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Revisión de la adsorción-desorción de hidrógeno en rocas naturales

Mohammad Masoudi1,2, Ariel G Meyra3,4, Mohammad Nooraiepour2

  • 1Applied Geoscience Department, SINTEF Industry, 7465 Trondheim, Norway.

Industrial & engineering chemistry research
|February 23, 2026
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Resumen

La adsorción y desorción de hidrógeno en rocas es clave para aplicaciones subterráneas. Esta revisión sintetiza estudios para aclarar el comportamiento del hidrógeno y su impacto en el almacenamiento y transporte geológico.

Palabras clave:
rocashidrógenoadsorcióndesorciónalmacenamiento geológicotransporte geológicoenergía subterráneacontención de residuos

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Geoquímica
  • Ciencias Ambientales
  • Ciencias de la Energía

Sus antecedentes:

  • La adsorción/desorción de hidrógeno en rocas es crucial para aplicaciones energéticas y ambientales subterráneas.
  • La comprensión de estas interacciones es vital para aplicaciones como el almacenamiento subterráneo de hidrógeno y la contención de residuos radiactivos.
  • El conocimiento actual sobre cómo estas interacciones físicas afectan el comportamiento del hidrógeno en materiales geológicos es limitado.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Revisar estudios experimentales y teóricos sobre la adsorción y desorción de hidrógeno en rocas naturales.
  • Evaluar las capacidades de adsorción, los parámetros influyentes y la histéresis en diferentes litologías.
  • Identificar los modelos isotérmicos que mejor se ajustan a los datos de adsorción de hidrógeno.

Principales métodos:

  • Revisión bibliográfica de estudios experimentales y teóricos.
  • Simulaciones atomísticas y modelado de isotermas.
  • Análisis de datos de capacidades de adsorción, parámetros influyentes e histéresis.
  • Modelado de datos disponibles utilizando múltiples modelos isotérmicos.

Principales resultados:

  • Las capacidades de adsorción varían significativamente entre diferentes tipos de rocas (litologías).
  • Se identificaron parámetros clave que influyen en la adsorción y desorción, junto con la histéresis.
  • El estudio identificó los modelos isotérmicos más adecuados para describir los datos de adsorción de hidrógeno.
  • La revisión delimita las condiciones en las que la adsorción-desorción física es significativa frente a insignificante.

Conclusiones:

  • La adsorción-desorción física juega un papel crítico en el transporte y la retención de hidrógeno en entornos geológicos específicos.
  • La comprensión de estos procesos es esencial para el almacenamiento, la exploración y la contención de residuos de hidrógeno eficaces.
  • Se identificaron lagunas de datos y se propusieron direcciones de investigación futuras para mejorar la comprensión del comportamiento del hidrógeno en formaciones geológicas.