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Tumor de Células Epitelioides Perivasculares Maligno Primario de Ovario de Rápida Progresión
Kenta Sonehara1, Takashi Suzuki1
1Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saku Central Hospital Advanced Care Center, Saku, JPN.
Cureus
|February 23, 2026
Resumen
El PEComa maligno primario de ovario es un cáncer raro de comportamiento agresivo. Este caso muestra rápida progresión y mal pronóstico, enfatizando el diagnóstico y tratamiento tempranos para mejores resultados.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Oncología Ginecológica; Patología; Cánceres Raros
Sus antecedentes:
- El tumor de células epitelioides perivasculares (PEComa) es una neoplasia mesenquimatosa rara con diferenciación dual de músculo liso y melanocítica.
- El PEComa maligno primario de ovario es excepcionalmente raro y presenta diversos comportamientos clínicos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Informar un caso de PEComa maligno primario de ovario de rápida progresión con mal pronóstico.
- Destacar la importancia clínica y el potencial agresivo de este raro tumor.
Principales métodos:
- Reporte de caso de una mujer de 73 años con un tumor ovárico izquierdo.
- El estudio diagnóstico incluyó TC, RM e inmunohistoquímica (marcadores melanocíticos y miogénicos).
- Se realizó resección quirúrgica (histerectomía total y salpingooforectomía bilateral) seguida de examen patológico.
Principales resultados:
- La patología reveló un PEComa maligno de 9 cm con necrosis, atipia, alta actividad mitótica e invasión vascular.
- La inmunohistoquímica confirmó diferenciación dual melanocítica (MelanA, HMB45) y miogénica (desmina).
- La paciente experimentó recurrencia local rápida y metástasis pulmonar, lo que llevó a la muerte 169 días después de la cirugía.
Conclusiones:
- El diagnóstico preciso y el reconocimiento de características agresivas son cruciales para el PEComa maligno primario de ovario.
- Es vital considerar de inmediato la terapia sistémica (p. ej., inhibidores de mTOR) junto con la cirugía.
- El seguimiento cercano y el manejo multidisciplinario son esenciales debido a la naturaleza agresiva del tumor y el mal pronóstico.
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