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Terapia Ocupacional para el Exceso de Peso Corporal en Entornos de Atención Primaria
Chloe Muntefering1, Abby Hays1, Corrina Holcomb1
1University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA.
OTJR : occupation, participation and health
|February 23, 2026
Resumen
Los terapeutas ocupacionales se centran en las discusiones dirigidas por el paciente y las actividades significativas para el control del peso, en lugar de centrarse únicamente en la pérdida de peso. Este enfoque apoya una estrategia más respetuosa y holística para los pacientes con exceso de peso corporal (EPC).
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias de la Salud; Terapia Ocupacional; Atención Preventiva
Sus antecedentes:
- El exceso de peso corporal (EPC) presenta un desafío significativo para la salud pública.
- Los entornos de atención primaria son cruciales para las intervenciones de salud preventiva.
- El papel de la terapia ocupacional en el control del peso dentro de la atención primaria no está bien definido.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Caracterizar el papel actual de la terapia ocupacional en la atención preventiva para pacientes adultos de atención primaria con EPC.
- Explorar las experiencias y enfoques de los terapeutas ocupacionales al trabajar con pacientes con EPC.
Principales métodos:
- Diseño exploratorio secuencial de métodos mixtos.
- Entrevistas semiestructuradas con 27 terapeutas ocupacionales de atención primaria.
- Una encuesta posterior administrada a 62 participantes, guiada por los hallazgos de la entrevista.
Principales resultados:
- Los terapeutas ocupacionales priorizan las conversaciones sobre el peso dirigidas por el paciente y se centran en actividades significativas que promueven la salud en lugar de la pérdida de peso.
- Los terapeutas evalúan los cambios en la participación subjetiva en lugar de la composición corporal.
- El 50% de los terapeutas encuestados evitaron el término "peso" y el 77% se centraron en la participación significativa en el manejo de la salud.
Conclusiones:
- La terapia ocupacional ofrece un enfoque único, holístico y centrado en el paciente para el control del peso.
- Este enfoque enfatiza las actividades funcionales y la autonomía del paciente, lo que fomenta intervenciones más respetuosas.
- Una mayor integración de la terapia ocupacional en la atención primaria puede mejorar las estrategias preventivas para el EPC.
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