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Patrones Dietéticos e Indicadores de Función Cognitiva

Hui Chen1,2,3, Marianna Cortese1, Mario H Flores-Torres1

  • 1Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.

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|February 23, 2026
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

La adherencia a patrones dietéticos saludables, en particular la dieta DASH, se asocia con una reducción del declive cognitivo subjetivo y una mejora de la función cognitiva. Estos hallazgos resaltan el papel crucial de la dieta en el mantenimiento de la salud cerebral a largo plazo.

Palabras clave:
dietafunción cognitivadeclive cognitivosalud cerebralnutrición

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Ciencia de la Nutrición
  • Neurociencia Cognitiva
  • Epidemiología

Sus antecedentes:

  • La creciente evidencia sugiere que la dieta impacta la salud cognitiva, pero los estudios a menudo examinan patrones individuales, careciendo de análisis comparativo.
  • Los hallazgos inconsistentes exigen una evaluación sistemática de múltiples patrones dietéticos saludables dentro de un contexto de investigación unificado.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Evaluar la asociación entre seis patrones dietéticos saludables distintos y el declive cognitivo subjetivo (SCD).
  • Evaluar la relación entre estos patrones dietéticos y la función cognitiva medida objetivamente.

Principales métodos:

  • Estudio de cohorte prospectivo que utiliza datos del Nurses' Health Study, NHSII y Health Professionals Follow-Up Study.
  • Incluyó a más de 159,000 participantes con datos dietéticos y cognitivos.
  • Se evaluaron seis patrones dietéticos: Índice Alternativo de Alimentación Saludable 2010 (AHEI-2010), Enfoques Dietéticos para Detener la Hipertensión (DASH), Índice de Dieta Vegetal Saludable (hPDI), Índice de Dieta Planetaria (PHDI) e índices dietéticos empíricos invertidos para hiperinsulinemia (rEDIH) e inflamación (rEDIP).

Principales resultados:

  • Una mayor adherencia a los seis patrones dietéticos se asoció con un menor riesgo de SCD.
  • La dieta DASH demostró la asociación más fuerte con la reducción del riesgo de SCD (RR, 0.59) y la mejora de la cognición global (diferencia media, 0.05).
  • Los grupos de alimentos beneficiosos clave incluyeron verduras y pescado; la reducción de la ingesta de carnes rojas y procesadas también se relacionó con mejores resultados cognitivos.

Conclusiones:

  • Los patrones dietéticos saludables, especialmente la dieta DASH, se asocian con una mejor salud cognitiva y un menor riesgo de declive cognitivo.
  • Las dietas caracterizadas por un potencial de hiperinsulinemia e inflamación más bajo también muestran promesa para la preservación cognitiva.
  • Estos resultados enfatizan el papel significativo de la dieta en el apoyo a la función cognitiva a largo plazo y la salud cerebral.